黄土区露天矿排土场生态建设中水分调控技术的研究

平朔露天煤矿位于半干旱的黄土高原区，经过15年的土地复垦与生态重建，已建成比原有生态系统结构更合理，功能更有效的人工生态系统，形成了一套以水分调控技术为核心的比较良好的生态建设技术体系，水分调控技术的提出，形成和发展是针对矿区生态建设的目标而产生的。本文从矿区可持续发展角度，依据露天矿生态建设中水分调控技术的作用和内容，将水分调控技术分为三个阶段；一是水环境安全调控阶段，二是水土保持阶段；三是水分的资源化利用阶段。水资源化利用是今后露天矿生态建设中水分调控技术发展的趋势，为此着重探讨了其技术内容。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的人工湿地处理

卫生填埋是垃圾处理的主要方式之一,填埋场产生的渗滤液对地下水和地表水会产生污染,因而需要进行有效的处理。介绍了垃圾渗滤液的人工湿地处理方法,包括人工湿地的组成、污染物去除机理、影响处理效率的因素等;对人工湿地处理渗滤液的工艺和国内外应用实例进行了总结;通过与传统处理方法相比,对其经济性进行了分析。可以看出,垃圾渗滤液的人工湿地处理法有成本低、构建和运行维护费用低、处理效果比较好等优点,在我国的某些地区有一定的适用性。     

假单孢菌碱性木聚糖酶分子活性部位的研究

应用多种化学修饰剂对假单孢菌G6－2产生的碱性木聚糖酶A（XynA)进行了修饰。结果表明，作用于色氨酸和谷氨酸（和／或天冬氨酸（的试剂NBS（N－Bromosuccinimide)和WRK（N－Ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3-sulfonate)可分别使酶活明显降低，百作用与丝氨酸，精氨酸，酪氨酸的试剂对酶活无明显影响。XynA的化学修饰动力学分析表明，每个酶分子中有1个色氨酸残基和1个谷氨酸（或天冬氨酸）残基对酶的活性特别重要。NBS的滴定结果表明，木聚糖的加入使可使1个色氨酸残基被保护，木聚糖对NBS的荧光猝来有22％的保护作用。0．2％的燕麦木聚糖可可阻止NBS树XynA的修饰作用；而即使2％的木聚糖也不能阻止WRK的灭活作用，NBS可使XynA的Km增大4倍，而RK可使其Vmax降低三分之二。这些结果表明，色氨酸和谷氨酸（或天冬氨酸（残基位于XynA的活性部位，且前者位于XynA的底物结合中心，后者位于酶的催化中心；图6表1参14     

草本植物对排土场边坡稳定性提升效果研究*

为了研究草本植物对排土场边坡加固能力,通过对排土场碱蓬和早熟禾根系生长情况进行调查,量化植物根随深度的分布关系,与此同时,采集2种草本植物根,通过根的抗拉试验,采用纤维束模型量化2种草本植物根黏聚力,采用FLAC3D分析边坡稳定性。结果表明,2种草本植物根的抗拉力与直径呈现幂律关系,根的抗拉力存在显著性差异。2种草本植物根面积比和根黏聚力均随深度的增加而降低,对比根黏聚力,碱蓬的根黏聚力大于早熟禾。草本植物加固后边坡安全系数提高,裸露边坡的安全系数为2.08,早熟禾与碱蓬加固的边坡的安全系数分别为2.09和2.1。     

基于敏感性分析的危险废物填埋场工程和地质屏障参数优化

为优化危险废物填埋场地下水污染风险控制的工程/地质屏障参数,基于过程模型模拟-参数敏感性分析-参数优选的系统框架和方法,分析关键参数对于地下水中渗滤液所携带污染物浓度的影响和敏感性,基于分析结果推荐技术参数的取值区间和最低的技术参数要求.结果表明:①各参数对地下水污染风险的敏感性排序依次为导排支管间距>含水层厚度>导排层坡度>天然衬层渗透系数>导排层渗透系数>地下水流速.②当导排支管间距>25 m、导排层坡度 < 2%、导排层渗透系数 < 0.000 1 cm/s、天然衬层渗透系数>1×10-6 cm/s时,地下水污染风险急剧增大;反之,当导排支管间距 < 10 m、导排层坡度>3%、导排层渗透系数>0.01 cm/s、天然衬层渗透系数 < 5×10-7 cm/s时,对地下水污染风险的管控并无明显影响.③导排支管间距最低为25 m,但不宜 < 10 m,导排层坡度最低为2%,但不宜>3%,导排层渗透系数最低为0.01 cm/s,天然衬层渗透系数最低为1.0×10-6 cm/s.研究显示,现有标准中给出的参数取值具有合理性,但范围较广,应结合水文地质参数与填埋场参数确定.      

Identifying extremely large values using composite sample data

Quantifying a composite sample results in a loss of information on the values of the constituent individual samples. As a consequence of this information loss, it is impossible to identify individual samples having large values, based on composite sample measurements alone. However, under certain circumstances, it is possible to identify individual samples having large values without exhaustively measuring all individual samples. In addition to composite sample measurements, a few additional measurements on carefully selected individual samples are sufficient to identify the individual samples having large values. In this paper, we present a statistical method to recover extremely large individual sample values using composite sample measurements. An application to site characterization is used to illustrate the method.The paper has been prepared with partial support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Number CR815273. The contents have not been subject to Agency review and therefore do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.     

Orientation behavior of homing pigeons at the Gernsheim anomaly

Pigeons were released at four release sites within the Gernsheim anomaly, a magnetic 'hill' with a peak 199 nT above the regional reference field and gentle 'slopes' to all sides, situated 44 km south of the Frankfurt loft. Local magnetic conditions at the sites differed in total intensity and in direction and steepness of the intensity gradient. At all sites, the pigeons were well oriented, showing counterclockwise deviations from the home directions that were most pronounced in the western part of the anomaly. There was no systematic difference in orientation behavior or homing performance between the sites within the anomaly and a control site outside. No effect of the local gradient direction was found, nor did the difference in intensity between home loft and the release site affect behavior. This argues against the use of magnetic navigational factors. However, pigeons released for the first time within the anomaly tended to have longer mean vectors with increasingly steeper gradients, which could mean that the birds might somehow have realized the anomalous nature of the local magnetic conditions and ignored them, relying on non-magnetic cues instead.Communicated by R. Gibson     

Daphne gnidium, a possible native host plant of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana, stimulates its oviposition. Is a host shift relevant?

Summary. We tested the hypothesis that Daphne gnidium is an ancestral host plant of Lobesia botrana. To this end, we studied the oviposition response of this moth to various aerial organs of this plant. Our results show that females prefer to lay eggs on daphne berries rather than on grapes (cv. chasselas) and that polar surface extracts of daphne berries and leaves strongly stimulate oviposition in a dosedependant way, whereas flower extracts are weakly stimulant and branch extracts are inactive or deterrent for oviposition. Furthermore, a total extract of daphne berries stimulates oviposition in semi-natural conditions when applied onto fresh grapes. Oviposition stimulants from berries were isolated by HPLC coupled with a dual-choice oviposition bioassay. The ecological value of D. gnidium for L. botrana is discussed and the possible use of oviposition stimulants from daphne, contrasting with the oviposition signal of the cultivated host plant, is proposed in the perspective of developing behavioural manipulation methods such as stimulo-deterrent diversionary strategies compatible with IPM programs.     

海栖热袍菌极耐高温木聚糖酶B的化学修饰和活性中心

分别用NBS、DTNB、Phenylgloxal、PMSF、WRK等对海栖热袍菌极耐高温木聚糖酶B进行化学修饰．结果表明，酶蛋白分子上的色氨酸和谷氨酸(或天冬氨酸)残基是维持酶活性的必需基团．半胱氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸及组氨酸残基均不处于酶活性中心．而修饰酶热稳定性测定结果是，羧基对稳定性起重要作用．通过测定修饰酶的假一级常数，得到一个色氨酸残基和一个谷氨酸(或天冬氨酸)残基为极耐高温木聚糖酶B所必需．在加入少量底物后，极耐高温木聚糖酶B的最大荧光发射峰从天然状态下的336am处红移至345am，且峰强度下降．这表明色氨酸残基位于酶蛋白表面．图7表2参18     

垃圾填埋场渗沥液排放标准的讨论

通过垃圾填埋场渗沥液的来源，性质以及对环境的影响等情况和国内对渗沥液的处理技术分析，根据目前处理渗沥液的技术水平，建议制定适当当前保护环境需要的行业排放标准。