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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
郑州市总量排污收费试点方案的理论依据和制定原则 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择使用排污费刺激消减和筹集资金的功能,利用污染边际处理费用(成本)法和费用分摊法的原理,在国家总量排污收费试点方案的基础上,制定地郑州市总量排污收费试点方案征收标准,实施后取利了显著成效。 相似文献
62.
We studied movement and site fidelity of males and females of the territorial frog Allobates femoralis (Aromobatidae) in a population in the Nature Reserve “Les Nouragues” in French Guiana, South America. Observations during
3 months in 2006 ascertained intra-seasonal site fidelity for males and females. Males actively defend large multi-purpose
territories whereas females retreat to small resting sites from where they commute to neighbouring males for courtship and
mating. Female short-term movement corroborates the previous assumption of a polygynous or promiscuous resource-defence mating
system. Year-to-year recaptures from 2005 until 2008 revealed distinct patterns of inter-annual movement for males and regional
site fidelity for females. Males abandon their territories and have to re-negotiate them when reproduction starts again at
the end of the dry season. Females are not subject to intra- or inter-sexual territorial competition and as a result move
significantly less between reproductive seasons than males. Male long-term movement reflects spatial structure and prevailing
social interactions and is a reliable indicator for tadpole deposition sites. The combined effects of intra- and inter-seasonal
movement promote the diversity of mates for both sexes. 相似文献
63.
GONTRAN F. BAGE RÉJEAN SAMSON BERNARD SINCLAIR-DESGAGNÉ 《Environmental management》2002,30(6):0807-0815
A technicoeconomic model is developed to select an optimal strategy for the remediation of a contaminated site and to determine
the value of this remediation strategy. The model is an extension of actual cost–benefit analysis, with consideration of “irreversible”
remediation technology choices, technology effectiveness, and uncertainty on the site's level of contamination. The model
considers the possibility of reducing uncertainty by both acquiring more and better information on the level of contamination
and by offering the decision-maker the opportunity to reevaluate his decision and switch to a more appropriate technology.
It is believed that this model will help decision-makers in the selection of a remediation strategy by presenting all potentially
feasible strategies, and how uncertainty on the site's level of contamination affects these strategies. 相似文献
64.
Anne R. Beer 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1984,27(2):63-68
The lack of any particular character in much new low‐rise housing is seen as resulting in the lack of attention paid to the detailing of space between buildings. The landscape architect's role in overcoming “placelessness” is considered, and the information needs of designers is discussed. The paper also offers some notes for the designer on user needs. 相似文献
65.
Solid waste management (SWM) is at the forefront of environmental concerns in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), South Texas.
The complexity in SWM drives area decision makers to look for innovative and forward-looking solutions to address various
waste management options. In decision analysis, it is not uncommon for decision makers to go by an option that may minimize
the maximum regret when some determinant factors are vague, ambiguous, or unclear. This article presents an innovative optimization
model using the grey mini-max regret (GMMR) integer programming algorithm to outline an optimal regional coordination of solid
waste routing and possible landfill/incinerator construction under an uncertain environment. The LRGV is an ideal location
to apply the GMMR model for SWM planning because of its constant urban expansion, dwindling landfill space, and insufficient
data availability signifying the planning uncertainty combined with vagueness in decision-making. The results give local decision
makers hedged sets of options that consider various forms of systematic and event-based uncertainty. By extending the dimension
of decision-making, this may lead to identifying a variety of beneficial solutions with efficient waste routing and facility
siting for the time frame of 2005 through 2010 in LRGV. The results show the ability of the GMMR model to open insightful
scenario planning that can handle situational and data-driven uncertainty in a way that was previously unavailable. Research
findings also indicate that the large capital investment of incineration facilities makes such an option less competitive
among municipal options for landfills. It is evident that the investment from a municipal standpoint is out of the question,
but possible public–private partnerships may alleviate this obstacle. 相似文献
66.
Q.H. Hu T.P. Rose M. Zavarin D.K. Smith J.E. Moran P.H. Zhao 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(10):1617
Many long-lived radionuclides are present in groundwater at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) as a result of 828 underground nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1951 and 1992. In conjunction with a comprehensive geochemical review of radionuclides (3H, 14C, 36Cl, 99Tc and 129I) that are presumably mobile in the subsurface, we synthesized a body of radionuclide activity data measured from groundwater samples collected at 18 monitoring wells, to qualitatively assess their migration at the NTS over distances of hundreds of meters and over timescales of decades. Tritium and 36Cl showed little evidence of retardation, while the transport of 14C may have been retarded by its isotopic exchange with carbonate minerals in the aquifer. Observed local reducing conditions (either natural or test-induced) will impact the mobility of certain redox-sensitive radionuclides (especially 99Tc) that were otherwise soluble and readily transported under oxidizing conditions. Conversely, strongly oxidizing conditions may impact the mobility of 129I which is mobile under reducing conditions. The effect of iodine speciation on its transport deserves further attention. Indication of delayed transport of some “mobile” radionuclides (especially 99Tc) in the groundwater at the NTS suggested the importance of redox conditions of the natural system in controlling the fate and transport of radionuclides, which has implications in the enhanced performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository, located adjacent to the NTS, to store high-level nuclear wastes as well as management of radionuclide contamination in legacy nuclear operations facilities. 相似文献
67.
应用全场数学模型模拟了深圳排海的市政污水中悬浮物、化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐及大肠菌群5个污染因子在海域大潮和小潮时对海域面积的影响。指出在不同水文条件和23m^3/d排放量下,不同质量浓度的活性磷酸盐和大肠菌群超过Ⅲ类海水水质标准的影响面积在大潮时分别为0.04km^2和7.72km^2,小潮时分别大于0.08km^2和6.16km^2;无机氮由于海水本底值较高,使得这一指标在全海域内超过Ⅲ类海水水质标准;而化学需氧量和总悬浮物质量浓度符合Ⅲ类海水水质标准。通过将现场监测资料用数模计算,提出排海污水混合区面积为1.5km^2。同时还引用部分国外的计算公式,对几种混合区允许范围进行了估算。 相似文献
68.
Habitat protection for grassland birds is an important component of open space land acquisition in suburban Chicago. We use
optimization decision models to develop recommendations for land protection and analyze tradeoffs between alternative goals.
One goal is to acquire (and restore if necessary) as much grassland habitat as possible for a given budget. Because a viable
habitat for grassland birds consists of a relatively large core area with additional parcels of grassland habitat nearby,
the second goal is to minimize total pairwise distance between newly protected parcels and large existing reserves. We also
use the concept of an effective grassland habitat area, which considers influences that neighboring land covers have on grassland
habitat suitability. We analyze how the parcels selected for protection change as total protected effective area is traded
off against total distance. As area is weighted more heavily, the selected parcels are scattered and unconnected. As total
distance is weighted more heavily, the selected parcels coalesce around core reserves but protect less area. The differences
in selected parcels as we change the objective function weights are caused by the differences in price per unit of effective
habitat area across parcels. Parcels located in close proximity to the existing cores have relatively high prices per hectare
of effective grassland area as a consequence of high restoration costs and adverse influences from roads, urban areas and/or
forestland. As a result, these parcels have lower priority for selection when the area objective is weighted more heavily
for a given budget. 相似文献
69.
Fee-fishing involves paying a fee for the privilege of fishing a body of water where fish populations are enhanced by stocking
fish. Past literature on this activity has focused more on the operation of the enterprise and management of the fish than
the people and site characteristics. The objectives of the study were to profile anglers and describe their site/management
preferences. This study utilized an on-site interview and mail-back questionnaire at fee-fishing establishments in West Virginia
(n = 212). Factor analysis of desired recreation experiences yielded five factors: Experience nature & adventure, Stress release & relaxation, Trophy fishing, Escape, and Family time. Cluster analysis showed that these anglers can be segmented into two distinct clusters, differing by sociodemographic characteristics,
fishing behavior, and site/management preferences. The findings from this study provide baseline data to aid public resource
managers and fee-fishing business owners in determining how to provide satisfying outdoor experiences and deliver desired
services on-site. Future research will be needed from additional fee-fishing sites to obtain more detail about this outdoor
recreation cohort and be able to generalize to a larger population of participants. 相似文献
70.
Y. Tsubaki Michael T. Siva-Jothy Tomohiro Ono 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1994,35(4):219-225
After copulation, male Nannophya pygmaea dragonflies mate guard by hovering over ovipositing females and repelling conspecific males. Copulation is not always a prerequisite for oviposition in the females of this species because females can store the sperm received during previous visits/copulations. An oviposition episode consists of several bouts of oviposition separated by periods of perching. We conducted two types of male-removal experiments to examine the effects of mating and post-copulatory mate guarding on the oviposition behaviour of females. In the first experiment, we removed all males from the habitat to eliminate the effect of re-copulation, mate-guarding and harassment by males. In the second experiment, we removed males immediately after copulation to eliminate the effects of guarding and other post-copulatory male-female interactions. We compared these experimental data with data obtained under natural conditions. The dipping rate in an oviposition bout was not influenced by copulation or guarding. However, guarded females made more dips per episode than did solitary females. The proportion of time actually spent ovipositing (total bout duration/oviposition episode duration) of guarded females was higher than that of solitary females. Solitary females often oviposited in more than one territorial site, while guarded females usually oviposited within a single territorial site during an oviposition episode. Because males tend to hold territories at sites where egg survival is high, guarded females (and the male guardian) benefit from guarding in terms of egg hatchability. The possible benefits for solitary females are discussed. 相似文献