农药氰戊菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

采用蚕豆根尖微核技术研究了农药氰戊菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤.测定了不同浓度氰戊菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯(5×10-10～5×10-2g·L-1)诱导下的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率.结果表明,氰戊菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯均能诱发较高的微核率,在一定浓度范围内,微核率随两种农药处理浓度的升高而增加,但随着处理浓度的进一步升高微核率反而呈下降趋势;两种农药均可使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大;并能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率、多种类型的染色体畸变.氰戊菊酯和三氟氯氰菊酯对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的遗传毒性.     

柳叶蜡梅化感作用初探

以大豆、玉米作为受体,通过对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长量的测定,探讨柳叶蜡梅叶片水浸提液的化感作用。结果表明,不同浓度的柳叶蜡梅水浸提液对两种受体的种子萌发和幼苗生长量均有不同程度的抑制作用,相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加。因此,柳叶蜡梅对大豆、玉米均有化感抑制作用。     

柳叶蜡梅化感作用初探

以大豆、玉米作为受体,通过对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长量的测定,探讨柳叶蜡梅叶片水浸提液的化感作用.结果表明,不同浓度的柳叶蜡梅水浸提液对两种受体的种子萌发和幼苗生长量均有不同程度的抑制作用,相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加.因此,柳叶蜡梅对大豆、玉米均有化感抑制作用.     

The effect of thiacloprid formulation on DNA/chromosome damage and changes in GST activity in bovine peripheral lymphocytes

The potential genotoxic effect of thiacloprid formulation on bovine peripheral lymphocytes was evaluated using the comet assay and the cytogenetic endpoints: chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MNi). Whole blood cultures were treated with the insecticide at concentrations of 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 μg mL^?1 for 24, 48 h and/or 2 h of incubation. A statistically significant increase in the frequency of DNA damage, as well as in unstable chromosome aberrations (% breaks) were found after exposure to the insecticide at concentrations ranging from 120 to 480 μg mL^?1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). For the detection of stable structural chromosome aberrations (e.g., translocations) and numerical aberrations by the FISH method, three whole chromosome painting probes for bovine chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 (BTA1, BTA5 and BTA7) were used in our experiments. We observed numerical aberrations, but without any statistical significance. Regarding the sister chromatid exchanges, no significant elevation in the SCE frequencies was found after 24-h exposure to the insecticide. A dose-related response in the SCE induction was obtained in bovine cultures after the prolonged time of exposure (48 h) to thiacloprid formulation at concentrations ranging from 120 to 480 μg mL^?1 in each donor (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), which was associated with a reduction of the PI (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The insecticide failed to produce MNi; however, a significant reduction of CBPI was observed. Using real-time PCR, a decrease in the expression of bovine glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3) was detected at the lowest dose. The higher concentrations of thiacloprid formulation caused an increase in the mRNA expression.     

phlb基因在普通小麦与簇毛麦杂种F1中的作用

通过CS、CSph1b与Haynaldiavillosa杂交,幼胚拯救,获杂种F1,其结实率分别为6．67％（12／18）、625％（25／400）对杂种F1植株花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体行为观察发现CS×H.villosa杂种F1平均每PMC仅有1．61条染色体形成二价体和三价体,平均构型为2n＝28＝26．391＋0．79Ⅱ＋0．007Ⅲ,平均染色体交叉数为0．84;而CSph1b×H．villosa杂种F1每PMC中有14．43条染色体发生联会,形成二价体和多价体,平均约型为2n＝28＝13．551Ⅰ＋5．95Ⅱ＋0．55Ⅲ＋0．22Ⅳ,为9．72,其中56％以上的PMC具1～4个多价体（三、四价体）表明Ph1b基因强烈诱导了普通小麦与H.villosa间的部分同源染色体配对杂种F1育性极差,自交均不结实.CS×H.villosa杂种F1与CS回交结实率为6．67％（4／60）,但CSph1b×H．villosa杂种F1与CS、CSph1b回交极难,结实率仅为0．45％（6／1320）．CSph1b×H．villosa杂种已与普通小麦回交成功,为利用ph1b实现簇毛麦优良基因直接对小麦遗转移奠定了基础．     

农药乙蒜素和细菌溴腈对蚕豆根尖细胞的致畸效应

利用蚕豆根尖微核技术研究农药乙蒜素和细菌溴腈对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率.结果表明:2种农药均能诱发较高频率的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率.在乙蒜素质量浓度为0.032～0.160 g·L-1范围内,微核率随浓度升高而升高,呈一定的剂量-效应关系(r=0.881 9,P≤0.01);而在细菌溴腈质量浓度为0.625～2.5 g·L-1范围内,微核率则呈先上升后下降的趋势.     

可见光响应Pr3+:Y2SiO5/ TiO2薄膜的制备

目的研究层涂法制备Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5/TiO_2复合薄膜的结构与可见光催化性能。方法分别以钛酸丁酯(TBOT)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO_2凝胶和Pr掺杂的Y_2SiO_5凝胶,以碳纤维为薄膜载体,并通过浸渍提拉法制备Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5/TiO_2层涂薄膜,研究层涂法制备复合薄膜对复合薄膜结构、形貌以及光催化效果的影响。结果复合薄膜具有明显的分层界限,形貌较平整,有较少龟裂;复合薄膜性能受涂覆次序的影响较大。结论依次将Pr~(3+):Y_2SiO_5和TiO_2涂覆在碳纤维上的复合薄膜具有较好的光催化性能,可见光光照2 h,对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达到94%,其可见光催化效率高于TiO_2薄膜的59%。     

Species-Specific Features of Inter- and Intrapopulation Variation in the Level of Chromosome Instability in Rodents

Studies on the common vole Microtus arvalis revealed a distinct cytogenetic response to the influence of ionizing radiation, a wide range of variation in the group average indices of chromosome instability beyond the zone of technogenic impact, and the influence of natural factors (viral infections and fluctuations of population size) on the frequency of chromosome aberrations. In the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus, neither the mutagenic effect of ionizing radiation nor interpopulation differences in the level of chromosome aberrations in the absence of anthropogenic impact were detected. Variation of genome instability of the rodents is significantly contributed to by species demography and population cycles.     

Pseudomosaic centric fission of chromosome 4 in amniotic cells

This paper describes a case of pseudomosaic centric fission of chromosome 4 detected in amniotic fluid cell culture. The pregnancy went to term and the newborn had a normal chromosomal constitution.