核探测技术在粤北下庄铀矿田找矿中的应用研究

对粤北下庄铀矿田希望矿床(330矿床)进行了土壤天然热释光、氡气和地面γ能谱三种核探测技术的测量工作,对它们在下庄花岗岩型铀矿田找矿中的应用效果进行了讨论,通过现场测量结果与地质研究成果的比较,初步总结出所测得的异常与矿体之间的空间关系。研究结果表明,这三种探测技术在花岗岩地区进行铀矿的"攻深找盲"有较佳效果。     

水质自动监测仪中的氨气敏电极使用寿命的探讨

文章揭示了造成环境监测仪器的氨气敏电极损坏的原因，提出了延长其使用寿命的方法。首先要保护电板的引线，必须严格按照使用说明书定期进行认真的保养维护，实施氨气敏复合电极膜及其填充液的更换，保护好电极，可延长其寿命。     

基于小波和 EMD 的电阻探针监测信号自适应去噪

目的从监测信号中恢复有效腐蚀信息(长期变化趋势、周期性窄带尖峰),提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)和小波阈值去噪(Wavelet Threshold Denoised,WTD)相结合的自适应去噪算法(EMD-WTD)。方法先将信号进行EMD分解,利用最大信息系数(Max Information Coefficient,MIC)判断噪声主导和有效信号主导信号分量的分界点,然后将噪声主导的信号分量进行自适应小波阈值去噪。最后以人工模拟信号和电阻探针监测信号进行验证。结果 EMD-WTD算法能有效去除噪声,信噪比可提升10 d B以上。结论与多个去噪算法相比,EMD-WTD算法能够更好地保留信号中周期性窄带尖峰信息,为后续准确建立电阻探针监测信号与环境之间的数学模型奠定了基础。     

固体颗粒沉积对7B04 铝合金初期大气腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究Na Cl,C,Si O2三种固体颗粒对7B04铝合金初期大气腐蚀行为的影响。方法通过对三种固体颗粒沉积试样进行户内暴露试验,结合质量增量测试、腐蚀形貌观察、微区电化学测试等手段研究7B04铝合金在不同固体颗粒沉积下的初期腐蚀行为。结果经过不同周期暴露试验后,Na Cl与Si O2颗粒沉积7B04铝合金在腐蚀初期即有点蚀萌生,且腐蚀质量增量随暴露时间呈上升趋势;C颗粒沉积7B04铝合金在暴露后期出现少量点蚀,无明显腐蚀质量增量。三种颗粒沉积后7B04铝合金表面电位呈不均匀分布,并随暴露时间的增加,电位分布发生了变化。结论在25℃,RH为95%条件下,Na Cl与Si O2颗粒沉积均可诱发7B04铝合金的大气腐蚀,而C颗粒沉积则无诱发作用。     

Potential application of 2-(6-ethylamino-3-ethylimino-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoic acid phenyl thiourea for mercury determination

Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a public health problem and research to develop new tools for monitoring the environmental impact of these elements is necessary. This study describes the preparation of a rhodamine-based probe 1 and its potential applications for detecting mercuric ion [Hg(II)] in samples from a nutrition media containing Salvinia auriculata. It was observed that an excess of probe 1 led to quenching in the fluorescence/absorption response, which was evidenced by a decrease in the signal when the stoichiometry differed from 1:1. Consequently, this probe is not suitable for quantitative analysis of Hg(II). Also, probe 1 reacts with methylmercury (MeHg) with different stoichiometry than that observed for Hg(II). These results indicate the potential application of probe 1 for qualitative detection of Hg(II) and MeHg in environmental samples.     

Reaction zone structures and propagation mechanisms of flames in stearic acid particle clouds

Reaction zone structures and propagation mechanisms of two representative flames established in stearic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CO₂H) particle clouds have been investigated. The reacting zone structure was examined by using a micro-electrostatic probe and a high-speed schlieren system. A distinct difference was observed in the ion current fluctuations recorded across the two representative flames propagating through the clouds of the same total mass density of particles and different mass densities of the particles smaller than 60 μm in diameter. When the mass density of smaller particles was high, a single peak was recorded in the ion current fluctuation. On the other hand, when the mass density of smaller particles was low, multi-peaks of various heights and widths were recorded. In the former case, the single peak was considered to be attributable to a unitary and a relatively thin flame started burning in vapor generated by the evaporation of smaller particles in the preheat zone. The flame propagation mechanism in this case was inferred to be similar to that of a usual hydrocarbon–air premixed flame, although the reaction zone thickness is much larger than that of the premixed flame. In the latter case, the multi peaks of various shapes were considered to be attributable to strong combustion at blue spots far behind the schlieren front. The flame propagation in this case was inferred to be supported by the heat release due to combustion at the blue spots.     

微滤过程中腐殖酸与膜表面黏附特性的试验研究

为了进一步研究微滤过程中腐殖酸对微滤膜的污染机制,通过运用原子力显微镜(AFM),结合自制的PVDF胶体探针考察了不同的pH、离子强度以及钙离子浓度等水质条件下膜-腐殖酸与腐殖酸-腐殖酸之间微观黏附力的变化趋势以及与膜的通量衰减幅度之间的相关性.结果发现,微观黏附力是膜面污染产生的根本原因.由于pH的电性中和以及离子强度的电性屏蔽作用,膜-腐殖酸以及腐殖酸-腐殖酸之间黏附力随着pH的减小或离子强度的增大都呈增大趋势;而随着钙离子浓度的增大,由于少量钙离子的"架桥"作用以及过量时的电性中和作用,两种黏附力先增大后减小.各条件下,膜-腐殖酸与腐殖酸-腐殖酸之间黏附力都呈相同的变化趋势,且与对应污染膜的通量衰减幅度具有正相关性,为更加深入了解膜污染的形成机制提供了一定的理论支持.     

Development of a field well head safety system for use with radiation generating devices

This paper discusses the design, testing and application of a new interlock system for field use with neutron generating bore hole probes at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Such probes produce 14 MeV neutrons at a yield up to 3×10⁸ neutrons/s, and present an ionizing radiation hazard to personnel particularly when operated in an unshielded configuration. This interlock system prevents personnel from being exposed to the relatively high radiation fields caused by an unsafe condition when an operating neutron generator probe is withdrawn from a well in the ground. An electromechanical interlock prototype system has been designed, built and tested, and has been found to be effective at preventing this event. The design is simple, is effective in mitigating the hazard, and can be installed in minutes. The system could be modified to interlock radiation-generating devices other than neutron generators that are used in similar environments.     

丝状细菌污泥膨胀的FISH探针研究进展

在活性污泥法处理污水的工艺中,丝状细菌的过度繁殖常引起大量的泡沫并引发污泥膨胀.该现象的发生导致二沉池的污泥不能有效地沉淀,并大量流出,影响了污水处理厂的正常操作.本文综述了引起污泥膨胀发生的7大类潜在丝状细菌及其相关生理生态学特性;列举了国内外现有的潜在丝状细菌的FISH探针及其相关的杂交条件.目前,在活性污泥丝状细菌的分类鉴定、胞外酶、细胞表面特性和相关生态生理学特性方面,荧光原位杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术均起到重要的作用,而国内相关的研究很少.设计特异性的FISH探针,并以此进行定量荧光原位杂交,将是国内污泥膨胀问题未来研究的重点方向之一.表7参57