秦皇岛港海域海水无机氮、无机磷污染状况及富营养化水平浅析

通过秦皇岛港海域1996～2000年海水水质无机氮、无机磷的的监测数分析，得出海水中无机氮、无机磷污染水平及富营养化程度，并提出防治建议，为秦皇岛港的环境管理和发展规划提供了依据。     

洋山深水港水域鱼卵仔鱼分布特征

根据2001年5、8月和2003～2005年间5月和8月分别对洋山港航道水域20个定点测站进行的鱼卵仔鱼调查资料,着重就水域鱼卵仔鱼的数量时空分布和种类组成的年际变化特征与洋山港工程建设产生的环境影响的关系作了分析和探讨.结果表明:鱼卵仔鱼隶属6目19科25种,另有2种未定种.种类数以2005年最高,2004年与2003年持平.2003年和2005年鱼卵仔鱼的种类数比工程前期的2001年有所减少,2004年则与之持平.鱼卵仔鱼的数量年际变化较大,2003年和2005年鱼卵数量均低于2001年,2004年则要高于2001年;仔鱼数量上,2003～2005年均明显低于2001年.从区域分布看,航道区鱼卵仔鱼数量密度最高,其次为港口区,大桥区的数量密度最低.港口航道的开挖建设,其疏浚后海底地形的改变会导致水动力条件的变化而产生泥沙回淤,加上抛泥作业产生的悬浮物对鱼类特别是游泳能力较弱的仔、稚幼鱼会造成不同程度的危害.由于施工造成局部地区的流场和生态有较大改变,使得某些不适应环境变化的亲鱼群体逃离或生殖能力下降,代之以适应能力较强的种群,最终导致优势种群结构的改变较明显.随着工程建设进度的开展,影响程度逐渐趋缓.     

港口污水膜生物反应器回用处理技术研究

系统地论述了膜生物反应器的反应特征、去除机理，及其在港口污水中水回用处理应用的可行性。结果表明，膜生物接触氧化法用于港口污水处理，具有出水水质稳定、占地面积少、去除效率高等特点。经预处理后的港口污水再行由膜生物接触氧化反应器处理后可直接用作回用水。     

广州港新沙港区8—10^#泊位集装箱系统改建工程环保设施综述

主要介绍广州港新沙港区8－10^#泊位集集装箱系统改建工程环境建设情况，论述改建工程如何实施环保“三同时”及实现环境效益，经济效益和社会效益的统一。     

厦门港船舶排放清单及港口生态效率评价

采用基于船舶活动的排放因子法,测算了2018年进出厦门港的船舶排放清单,并在排放数据的基础上,借助外部成本评估工具,从环境和社会两类指标层面上评估了港口的生态效率.结果表明：2018年厦门港船舶排放SO_x、NO_x、HC、CO、PM_2.5、PM_2.0和CO₂e（二氧化碳当量）的总量分别为3222,11977,490,1118,411,542和710374t;集装箱船为最大贡献船型,船舶主机排放比例最大;对于不同运行工况,巡航工况排放的污染气体最多,停泊工况（包括港内停泊和港外锚泊）排放的温室气体最多;8~12月份的船舶排放量较高.船舶排放的外部总成本约为19.95亿元（约为港口年收入的7.6%）,其中NO_x、PM₁₀和SO_x的外部成本较高.港口生态效率的评估反映了港口生产运营对环境和社会的影响.船舶使用低硫油和岸电能够减少船舶排放,同时能够提高港口的生态效率.     

厦门港大气PM2.5中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价

于2020年夏季和秋冬季在厦门港海天码头和嵩屿码头进行大气PM_2.5的采集,并对20种元素污染特征、来源及健康影响进行了分析.结果表明,厦门港大气PM_2.5浓度较低,且两个站点的PM_2.5浓度并无显著性差异,也不存在明显的昼夜差异.地壳元素中以Ca和Si的含量最高,而痕量元素中以Zn和Mn的含量为最高.与标准值相比,重金属元素中只有Cr（Ⅵ）出现超标.受风向和吞吐量季节性变化的影响,部分元素浓度在夏季高于秋冬季. Cu、 Zn、 SO₂和NO₂有较一致的明显昼夜变化,但来自重油燃烧排放的V和Ni并无明显昼夜差异.PMF源解析确定码头PM_2.5的4个污染因子为工业源、船舶排放、交通源和海盐+建筑尘混合源,其中工业源对PM_2.5浓度的贡献率最大（55.2%～59.4%）,远高于船舶排放的贡献率（7.1%～7.7%）.健康风险评估显示,厦门港大气PM_2.5中重金属对人群具有潜在的致癌风险(>1×10^-5...     

基于资源环境保护的清澜港红树林海岸塑料污染特征

红树林是海洋底栖生物的栖息产卵地和生物基因库,是阻挡陆源污染物入海的生物防线。塑料污染可对海洋生物造成机械伤害、毒理作用,威胁红树林生态系统的健康与稳定。通过野外踏勘和海上作业,在海南岛清澜港红树林海岸采集大塑料垃圾和海水、沉积物、底栖生物样品,采用目视鉴别和体视显微镜、显微傅里叶红外光谱仪鉴定分析研究区资源环境的塑料污染特征及来源。结果表明：大塑料垃圾主要来自于塑料袋和泡沫等生活与渔业垃圾;微塑料有碎片、纤维、线状、薄膜、颗粒和球形六种形态,多为大塑料经日晒和海水动力作用形成的碎片,人造纤维占比最高,为37.91%。研究可为红树林海岸塑料污染管控与综合治理提供决策依据,以实现红树林海岸资源环境有效保护。     

Assessment of the effects of a port expansion on algae appearance in a costal bay through mathematical modelling. Application to San Lorenzo Bay (North Spain)

In the last years several episodes of algae appearance affecting bathing areas have been observed in San Lorenzo Bay (north of Spain). The analysis of the collected algae revealed that they might come from near intertidal or shallow subtidal zones due to eutrophication processes or through drift algae movement by the action of marine currents. In the vicinity of this area, the expansion of the Port of Gijón (now under construction) supposes a significant modification of the coastal geometry. The magnitude of such an expansion could cause changes in the patterns of currents in the bay, with the consequent alteration of the observed algal appearance phenomena. A mathematical modelling study to evaluate the risk of generation of eutrophication processes in the San Lorenzo Bay area and the transport of drift algae from near sea bed areas was developed. This study required the use of different hydrodynamic models in order to characterize the currents caused by tides, winds and waves. The eutrophication processes in the bay were analyzed with a depth-averaged two-dimensional eutrophication model which deals with eight water quality variables. Calibration of model parameters with the observed data from a field survey was performed. A reasonable agreement with the field measurements was achieved. Model results showed that the maximum phytoplankton concentrations were below eutrophic conditions. Although, the port expansion has led to an increment of phytoplankton concentrations, chlorophyll a levels were not representative of eutrophic conditions. To analyse the transport of drift algae, a methodology based on the utilization of a two-dimensional model which solves the depth-averaged advection-diffusion equation considering seaweed as a conservative tracer was developed and applied. Numerical modelling allowed the identification of the coastal areas that seems to be the source of the seaweed found on the beach. It was also proven that port expansion does not significantly affect drift algae transport in the area.     

Ports’ service attributes for ship navigation safety

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the service attributes of ports for ship navigation safety. Based on the relevant literature and the features of ship navigation in ports, the service attributes of ports for ship navigation were first investigated. A fuzzy AHP model was then used to identify those attributes from shipmasters’ perspectives. Finally, a Dissatisfaction Attitude (DA) index was used to determine the attributes’ priorities, by which the port authorities may make policies for improving ship navigation safety. As an empirical study, the shipmasters berthing their ships in Kaohsiung Port were surveyed to validate the model. The result constructs 19 port service attributes (SAs) for ship navigation safety, in which, the shipmasters place more emphasis on the SAs of operators’ professional literacy, including the marine pilot’s professional and English communication abilities, the VTC (Vessel Traffic Center) regulator’s professional and English communication abilities, and the tugboat driver’s skills. While, for Kaohsiung Port, currently, the traffic control of fairway is the most important aspect to be improved. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings for port authorities in improving ship navigation safety are discussed.     

洋山工程对杭州湾海洋生态系统服务功能影响评价

分析了在洋山工程建设中对海洋生态系统不利影响的作业内容,包括围填造地、桥桩钻孔、疏浚、炸礁、爆破挤淤、管道排放．陆域吹填等环节。在此基础上,结合工艺分析,进一步筛选了影响海洋生态系统服务功能的因子（主要是悬浮物、冲击波和填埋）。例如悬浮物、冲击波导致渔业资源数量明显下降,从而影响生态系统供给功能。然而随着施工范围缩小,影响压力降低,至2007年,渔业资源数量基本回升至工程前的水平。由此推测,工程对海域生态供给功能的影响主要来自其施工阶段。营运期的影响主要是港口区和航道区限制了渔民捕捞作业,使得该水域渔业产量有所下降。在生态系统调节功能方面,工程没有向环境注入大量废水和废弃物,实测结果显示,2002～2006年,洋山水域营养盐的含量未见明显增高趋势。在景观方面,洋山工程的实施,严重影响了原有景观,但也催生出东海大桥等新的景观,旅游收入有了明显的增长。在生态系统支持功能方面,施工阶段悬浮物、冲击波明显地影响海洋生物（浮游动物、浮游植物和底栖动物）数量,然而目前数量已经恢复,或者有明显恢复的趋势,这表明工程营运期对海洋生物数量影响不大。洋山工程实施对洋山水域产卵场和索饵场功能维持的影响是可接受的。