烟台市近海海域水质污染研究

烟台市海洋渔业资源丰富,水产业在该市农业经济中占有重要的地位,但近海海域存在石油、无权氮和活性磷酸盐的污染,水质污染对水力业构成了严重危害．为控制该市近海海域水质污染,本文建议当地政府加强对工业污染源的管理,尽快兴建新的污水处理工程,加强海上船舶排污的监督与管理力度,以及引导农民合理应用化肥．     

LARGE AREA HYDROLOGIC MODELING AND ASSESSMENT PART I: MODEL DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: A conceptual, continuous time model called SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was developed to assist water resource managers in assessing the impact of management on water supplies and nonpoint source pollution in watersheds and large river basins. The model is currently being utilized in several large area projects by EPA, NOAA, NRCS and others to estimate the off-site impacts of climate and management on water use, non-point source loadings, and pesticide contamination. Model development, operation, limitations, and assumptions are discussed and components of the model are described. In Part II, a GIS input/output interface is presented along with model validation on three basins within the Upper Trinity basin in Texas.     

利用土地人口容力开放模型对沪苏锡常城市群的分析

本文提出了土地人口容力,即单位面积土地的人口容量的概念,建立了描述和测算开放区域人口容力的模型,确立了模型对多种人口容力定义,揭示了不同人口容力模型的内在联系性,并将它用于沪苏锡常城市群的土地人口容力测算和分析。     

三峡库区退化土壤的恢复与重建研究

三峡库区是一个生态环境背景较为脆弱且人口压力巨大的丘陵山区,由于人类长期的过垦与破坏,土壤退化十分严重。因此,加强对库区退化土壤的恢复与重建势在必行。土壤恢复与重建包括土壤结构,养分和环境的恢复三个方面内容。     

黄河中游河龙地区地质灾害及其治理策略

在前人研究成果与实地调查研究的基础上，对黄河中游河口镇-龙门口地区水土流失、土地沙漠化、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及地面塌陷等地质灾害类型、特征、灾情、发展趋势进行了剖析，并根据环境现状，提出了治理灾害策略．     

Ecological assessment of natural resources in agroecosystems of Dutch Lowland Peat area

In ecological assessment many abiotic and biotic indicators, reflecting the many facets of ecosystems, are used. Reporting on the state of the environment requires that information on separate indicators be integrated into comprehensive yardsticks or indices. In this paper we describe a method for assessing the quality of natural resources in agroecosystems and present a case study on the Dutch Lowland Peat area. Using a coherent set of physical, chemical, and biotic indicators, we compare the present situation with the long-term policy objective of strategic policy plans. Results are depicted in a radial plot. The present ecological quality of the Lowland Peat area has been found to deviate strongly from that of the desired state.     

水库下游洪灾淹没损失的估算

本文为评价水库的防洪效益，探讨了水库下游保护区内洪水灾害淹没损失的估算方法，并通过实例进行了检验。这对水库的防洪规划及其它防洪效益定量估算问题有很大的意义。     

山东日照市东港区震害损失动态初步预测

本文以山东省日照市东港区为例，以其１９９０年基础数据和１９９０年静态震害人员、财产损失预测为基础，以未来５年预测的房屋、人口、财产变化结果为变量，给出了动态震害人员、财产损失预测的方法及其初步预测结果。该方法还可以根据房屋、人口、财产的实际变化情况，实现“滚动式”的震害人员、财产损失预测。     

FLOWING WATER RESOURCES1

Using data related to stream order and the morphological characteristics associated with streams of different discharge rates, an estimate of the river resources of the United States is made. The national totals are: 3,200,000 miles total length of rivers; 15,000 square miles of river surface; and 29 cubic miles of water stored in river channels. Using the same techniques, more exact estimates may be made for individual river basins. Suggestions are given for application of the techniques and river data in the management of water resources.     

FORESTS AND OTHER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAMFLOWS IN EAST TEXAS1

Effects of proportion of watersheds in forest and watershed physiographic factors on mean annual streamflow (1965-76), median flow, and 12 flood flow characteristics were regionally analyzed for 19 unregulated streams in East Texas. Annual streamflow increased with decreasing proportion of forest area. Differences in annual streamflow between full forest cover and bare watersheds could be as much as 200 mm. Other things being equal, the minimum watershed area required to generate 0.142 cm (5 cfs), a criterion used by the U.S. Corps of Engineering in regulating dredge and fill activity for water pollution abatement in East Texas streams, is 70 km² (27 mi²). Of the 31 physio-climatic parameters analyzed, watershed area, percent forest area, shape index, spring precipitation, and annual temperature were the most significant in affecting streamflow characteristics in East Texas. Using 2-3 of these five variables, all of the 14 streamflow characteristics can be estimated with accuracy ranging from acceptable to excellent levels.