紫外辐射对高岭土混凝过程的影响机制

高岭土普遍存在于水源水体中,对水处理过程以及污染物的迁移转化有着重要的影响.本文以聚合氯化铝作为混凝剂,通过烧杯实验系统考察了紫外辐射对高岭土混凝过程的影响规律.结果表明,在中性和偏酸性环境下,紫外辐射对高岭土悬浊液的混凝过程具有一定的促进作用.当溶液pH、混凝剂投量以及辐射时间分别为7.0、30 mg·L~(-1)和2.0 h时,紫外辐射后高岭土在混凝出水中的去除率可由原来的81.05%增至93.90%.这可能与光辐射后高岭土结构中的—OH伸缩振动吸收强度降低,Si—O伸缩振动吸收峰和Si—O弯曲振动吸收峰有所增强有关,使得高岭土表面的活性位点(—OH)数量下降;宏观上表现为微粒表面所带负电性下降,有利于在混凝过程中脱稳沉降.然而,在碱性条件下,其沉降性能却略低于未经紫外辐射处理的水样.     

鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A降解芘的性能及细胞表面性质的影响

在实验室可控条件下,研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对假单胞菌GP3A生长情况、降解芘(初始浓度为15 mg·L-1)性能以及降解过程中菌体表面性质(细胞表面疏水性、菌体Zeta电位)的影响.结果表明,鼠李糖脂明显促进了GP3A的生长,当鼠李糖脂浓度为200 mg·L-1和500 mg·L-1时,72 h时菌体的生长量比未...     

腐殖酸对改性聚乙烯亚胺去除水中Cu(Ⅱ)的影响

采用二硫化碳和氢氧化钠对聚乙烯亚胺进行改性,制备出一种新型高分子絮凝剂聚乙烯亚胺基黄原酸钠(PEX).以含Cu(Ⅱ)水样为处理对象,研究了腐殖酸(HA)的存在对改性聚乙烯亚胺(PEX)去除水样中Cu(Ⅱ)性能的影响,探讨了HA共存时PEX除Cu(Ⅱ)机理.结果表明,HA的存在对PEX去除Cu(Ⅱ)表现出一定的抑制作用,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率随着体系中共存HA浓度的增大而降低,随着PEX投加量的增加而升高,随着pH值的升高而升高;当PEX投加量增加到100 mg·L~(-1)以上或体系pH值升高到6.0时,可消除HA的抑制影响,Cu(Ⅱ)的最高去除率均可达到100%.絮体的Zeta电位随着共存HA浓度的增加而升高,PEX除Cu(Ⅱ)的絮凝作用机理以吸附架桥为主;PEX高分子链上的二硫代羧基与Cu(Ⅱ)发生了螯合沉淀反应,PEX对共存体系中Cu(Ⅱ)和HA均具有一定的去除效果.     

Influence of zeta potential on the flocculation of cyanobacteria cells using chitosan modified soil

Using chitosan modified soil to flocculate and sediment algal cells has been considered as a promising strategy to combat cyanobacteria blooms in natural waters. However, the flocculation efficiency often varies with algal cells with different zeta potential (ZP) attributed to different growth phases or water conditions. This article investigated the relationship between ZP of Microcystis aeruginosa and its influence to the flocculation efficiency using chitosan modified soil. Results suggested that the optimal removal efficiency was obtained when the ZP was between -20.7 and -6.7 mV with a removal efficiency of more than 80% in 30 min and large floc size of >350 μm. When the algal cells were more negatively charged than -20.7 mV, the effect of chitosan modified soil was depressed (<60%) due to the insufficient charge density of chitosan to neutralize and destabilize the algal suspension. When the algal cells were less negative than -6.7 mV or even positively charged, a small floc size (<120 μm) was formed, which may be difficult to sink under natural water conditions. Therefore, manipulation of ZP provided a viable tool to improve the flocculation efficiency of chitosan modified soil and an important guidance for practical engineering of cyanobacteria bloom control.     

PAFS-PDM混凝剂处理油田钻井废水实验

文章以硫酸铝、硫酸铁与聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)为原料,制备PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂并表征其结构形态,同时考察了pH值、混凝剂投加量对油田钻井废水中COD的去除率以及溶液中Zeta电位的影响,为复合混凝剂的开发及使用提供一定的参考。研究结果表明:当PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂的投加量为8 000 mg/L、pH值为5时对塔里木油田钻井废水中COD的去除率达93.05%,此时溶液中Zeta电位较低。XRD衍射及SEM表征结果显示,制备的PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂中存在铝铁—羟基聚合物,微观形态下复合混凝剂将聚合形成的扇形片状结构再相互连接成发散立体结构,从而增大了比表面积,提高了混凝剂的吸附架桥能力,结合Zeta电位分析得出PAFS-PDM复合混凝剂为阳离子型混凝剂,而且具有较强的电中和能力。