Dissolved nitrous oxide and emission relating to denitrification across the Poyang Lake aquatic continuum

Most aquatic ecosystems contribute elevated N_2 O to atmosphere due to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen loading. To further understand the spatial heterogeneity along an aquatic continuum from the upriver to wetland to lake to downriver, the study was conducted on spatial variations in N_2 O emission along Poyang Lake aquatic continuum during the flood season from 15 July 2013 to 10 August 2013. The results showed the N_2 O concentrations, the ratio of N_2O/dinitrogen(N_2) gases production, N_2 O emission and denitrification rates ranged from 0.10 to 1.11 μg N/L,- 0.007% to 0.051%,- 9.73 to 127 μg N/m2/hr and 1.33 × 104to31.9 × 104μg N_2/m2/hr, respectively, across the continuum. The average N_2 O concentrations,the ratio of N_2O/N_2 and N_2O emission was significantly lower in wetlands as compared to the rivers and lake(p 0.01). The significantly high denitrification rate and low N_2 O emission together highlighted that most N_2 O can be converted into N_2 via near complete denitrification in the Poyang Lake wetlands. Our study suggests that the wetlands might impact N_2 O budget in an integrated aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, N_2 O emission from different aquatic ecosystem should be considered separately when quantifying the regional budget in aquatic ecosystem.     

不同结构的人工湿地系统对溶解性有机物去除效率的研究

为研究溶解性有机物在生态修复系统中的降解与残留,构建石英砂、焦炭及曝气焦炭系统的人工湿地,比较填料及强化曝气对DOM代谢的影响,研究结果表明:填充焦炭的反应器处理COD、NH~+_4-N、DOC、蛋白质、多糖和UV_(254)的效果明显优于填充石英砂的反应器;表层连续曝气能有效地提高对COD和NH~+_4-N的去除效果,平均最优去除率分别为89.58%和51.15%,与未曝气组相比分别平均提高了4.22%和14.79%,COD和NH~+_4-N的去除与DOC中HPI组分的降解成相关性;系统表层进行曝气大大提高了系统对TPI-A中溶解性蛋白质的降解,降解率为65.9%,而对多糖中TPI-A组分的降解与未曝气相比无明显差异.     

中国湿地生态补偿的利益博弈分析

我国采取了一系列加强湿地生态环境保护的措施,推进了湿地生态状况的改善.但在实践过程中,生态保护仍存在着结构性的政策缺位,湿地生态补偿作为调整损害与保护生态环境主体间利益关系的一种制度安排,是保护生态环境的有效措施.从博弈论的角度出发,分析湿地生态补偿的利益相关者,通过建立湿地生态补偿主体和客体的博弈模型,得出湿地生态补偿主体、客体的纳什均衡策略,并提出针对性的建议.     

The influences of climate and hydrology on population dynamics of waterbirds in the lower Murrumbidgee River floodplains in Southeast Australia: Implications for environmental water management

Restoration of waterbird diversity and abundance is a key objective of river system management in Australia. Therefore, understanding the effects of climatic and hydrological variables on waterbird population dynamics is fundamental for successful river restoration programs. We investigated the population dynamics of waterbirds (total abundance) and seven functional waterbird groups in the floodplains of lower Murrumbidgee River. We found a general declining abundance trend from 1983 to 2007, except for the deep water foragers. We modelled the relative contribution of the climatic and hydrological factors to waterbird population decrease using the generalized additive model (GAM) framework after identifying the negative binomial distribution. Most of the seven functional groups were positively related to both annual rainfall and water usage, defined as the total water volume intercepted by the river reach, and the models indicated that rainfall was slightly more important. Temperature also played a role in waterbird abundance: the maximum summer temperature negatively influenced the abundance of dabbling ducks, shoreline foragers and fish eaters, while the minimum winter temperature positively affected the abundance of dabbling ducks and shoreline foragers. Overall, our results support the practice of providing environmental water for sustaining waterbird populations. However, environmental water provision is likely to be most effective when timed to coincide with antecedent rainfall.     

人工湿地技术处理油田含油污水的应用

与传统污水处理工艺相比,人工湿地技术具有高效低耗、运行维护简便、对复杂含油污水净化效果良好等特点。文章综述了人工湿地技术处理油田含油污水的净化机理、净化效果、工艺流程及其工艺优势,为含油污水处理技术的研究提供借鉴和参考,对深入认识人工湿地净化机制亦具有一定意义。     

Investigation and Long-Term Monitoring of Phragmites australis Within Virginia's Constructed Wetland Sites

Phragmites australis Trin., and/or aggressive species, Typha spp. Tidally influenced wetlands that have subtidal perimeter ditches have significantly less (P < 0.05) P. australis in the wetland interior than those without perimeter ditches. Fractured regression analyses show that 6 years after construction, P. australis invasion can be extensive. Linear regression analysis suggests that, if conditions remain favorable for P. australis colonization, constructed wetlands could be overrun in 40 years.     

湖北湿地的保护与利用

湿地是地球上具有多功能的、独特的生态系统,是人类最重要的生存环境之一.湖北省地处长江中游,湿地类型多,面积较大,河、湖湿地系统是主要的湿地类型.湖北湿地具有较大的资源潜力和环境调节功能,是自然界生物多样性丰富的生态景观.近年来,湖北省湿地保护面临人口增长的压力,围垦、污染和过度开发等对湿地保护构成了严重威胁,湿地环境遭到干扰和破坏.加强湿地科学的研究,保护管理好湖北湿地及其生态环境,实现湿地资源的持续利用,是湖北省21世纪环保工作所面临一项重要而紧迫的任务.     

Monitoring a Recent Delta Formation in a Tropical Coastal Wetland Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Case Study: Guapo River Delta, Laguna de Tacarigua, Venezuela

The integrated use of remotely sensed data and GIS to monitor a rapid recent delta formation was undertaken in the Tacarigua Lagoon, a mangrove coastal protected wetland in the north-central coast of Venezuela. Recently, the resource value of coastal wetlands such as coastal lagoons and deltas, has brought about a need to protect and conserve these ecosystems. To that end, valuable resources such as these should be continuously monitored so that temporal changes in their environment can be analysed. The importance of determining the cause, extent, and spatial distribution of these changes can then be used in different aspects of environmental studies, land suitability analyses and for wise resource management. Aerospace data interpretation and a field survey were utilised to study the formation of the Guapo River delta within the Tacarigua Lagoon and to map the expansion that this depositional environment has undergone. A historical set of aerial photographs and a radar image, together with a GIS, were used to assess the growth of the delta from the beginning of its formation up to the present time.     

北大港湿地自然保护区生态环境质量评价

通过2006年秋季对北大港湿地进行的土地利用/土地覆盖现状调查,并结合对湿地核心区-北大港水库进行的鸟类、鱼类、植被状况、空气、水质、土壤状况等调查,采用张峥等人提出的多样性、代表性、稀有性、自然性、稳定性和人类威胁等6项指标组成的湿地生态环境评价指标体系,对北大港湿地生态环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,北大港湿地生态环境评分值R为67.7分,生态环境质量处于一般水平,生态环境面临着一定的威胁。因此,今后要加大对北大港湿地生态环境的保护与管理。     

景观水体治理技术的研究

随着城市的日益发展,人们对城市环境的要求也日益提高,水景主题公园、水景建筑的不断涌现,对改善城市人居环境、提升城市形象有着重要的作用。但是近年来环境污染日益严重,常规水处理方法又不能简单地应用于景观水体的治理,人们对景观水体的治理也提出了迫切的要求。景观水体水质控制技术的研究,对营造与自然和谐的城市生态环境具有重要的作用。文章就目前对景观水体常用的物理、化学、生物及生态修复等各种方法进行了阐述,特别重点介绍了近年来新兴的人工湿地等生态修复处理方法。