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盐城湿地沉积物环境特征及其影响因素研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
盐城沿海湿地是国家级自然保护区,正面临环境的污染和生态破坏的威胁。为了有效地保护和恢复其受损的生态功能,文章通过实地采样分析的方法研究了盐城湿地底泥氮、磷及有机物含量与分布规律及其影响因素。研究表明盐城湿地受潮流与河流水动力条件的长期综合作用,该区从陆地向海洋方向,沉积物粒度呈现由细变粗的总体变化规律。潮间带沉积物中氮、磷及有机碳在空间上也呈现出从光滩向高潮位区逐渐增加的趋势。沉积物中营养物释放与微小颗粒物的再悬浮成为潮间带水体富营养化的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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Soulwène Kouki Neila Saidi Fadhel M''hiri Houda Nasr Hanène Cherif Hadda Ouzari Abdennaceur Hassen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(10):1699-1708
Autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been widely studied in constructed wetlands systems, while mixotrophic AOB have been less thoroughly examined. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from wastewater and rhizospheres of macrophytes of constructed wetlands, and then cultivated in a mixotrophic medium containing ammonium and acetic acid. A molecular characterization was accomplished using ITS-PCR amplification, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results showed the presence of 35 bacteria, among 400 initially heterotrophic isolates, that were able to remove ammonia. These 35 isolates were classified into 10 genetically different groups based on ITS pattern. Then, a collection of 10 isolates were selected because of their relatively high ammonia removal efficiencies (ARE ≥ 80%) and their phylogenetic diversity. In conditions of mixotrophy, these strains were shown to be able to grow (increase of optical density OD660 during incubation with assimilation of nitrogen into cellular biomass) and to oxidize ammonia (important ammonia oxidation efficiencies, AOE between 79% and 87%). Among these facultative mixotrophic AOB, four isolates were genetically related to Firmicutes (Bacillus and Exiguobacterium), three isolates were affiliated to Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter) and three other isolates were associated with Proteobacteria (Pseudomonas, Ochrobactrum and Bordetella). 相似文献
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The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in two plant species (Scirpus tripueter Linn. and Cyperus malaccensis Lam.), water, and soils sampled from the reclaimed tidal riparian wetlands (RTRWs) and the natural riparian wetlands (NRWs) in the Pearl River estuary (PRE), were analyzed to investigate and compare their distribution and accumulation. The results show that the concentrations of the six studied heavy metals in soils exceed the eco-toxic threshold recommended by USEPA. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Zn in plants may lead to toxic effects compared to others.The hydraulic conditions and the degree of human disturbances can affect the heavy metal accumulation in RTRWs and NRWs. The heavy metal concentrations in water are higher whereas they are lower in soils of RTRWs Compared with that in the NRWs. The accumulation of heavy metals in the roots of plants is higher in NRWs than those in RTRWs while the opposite result is found for heavy metal accumulation in shoots. Based on the bioaccumulation and translocation factors, the plants in NRWs have the higher capacity to accumulate heavy metals, while higher abilities to transport heavy metals from roots to shoots are observed in RTRWs. Heavy metal contaminations in RTRWs are dominated by anthropogenic sources from both side uplands and river water, whereas in NRWs, the metal accumulations are simultaneously affected by anthropogenic and natural factors. 相似文献
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长期以来,黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地由于人口的增长、经济开发活动频繁增加,社会公众和管理者对湿地的功能和综合价值缺乏足够的认知,对其只是索取,而缺乏有效的保护,致使湿地生态环境发生了重大变化,造成水环境污染严重,土壤沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大,灾害性气候频繁发生,动植物等生物多样性急剧减少,这与中国可持续发展的战略主旨及世界潮流相悖.在此,对黑龙江三江自然保护区湿地的现存问题进行分析,以期通过完善区域专项立法、建立湿地专管机构和湿地管理专项资金、完善管理协调机制、建立湿地环境影响评价制度和生态补偿制度、完善环境保护相关法律责任等途径,切实做到对湿地的保护和开发利用并重. 相似文献
197.
Intensification of agriculture has led to renewed efforts to drain wetlands throughout North American prairies. It is perceived to threaten downstream ecosystem health through enhancing nutrient, bacteria and salt loading. An experiment was conducted to determine temporal variations in wetland solute storage and export upon drainage. Water quality along seven ditches and five natural spills that form between wetlands was also compared. The experimental wetland acted as a solute storage zone prior to its drainage. Variations in salts and DOC were influenced by hydrological processes, whereas variations in nutrients and bacteria were also influenced by biotic and/or sorption processes. Wetland water quality was an important control of drainage water quality as the wetland ditch acted as a simple conduit. Concentrations of TDN, DOC, HCO3−, K+, and Ca2+ were higher in ditches than spills. Minimal changes in water quality along ditches and spills occurred, likely due to low spring temperatures that can restrict biotic processing and sorption. Since ditches connect wetlands to streams, they have a greater potential to contribute to downstream solute loading than spills. Wetland drainage efficiency and wetland water quality were deemed the factors critical to determining solute exports via ditches. 相似文献
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湖北网湖自然保护区属于内陆湿地和水域生态系统类型的自然保护区。根据网湖自然保护区的特征,通过选取自然性、多样性、稀有性、代表性、面积适应性、人类干扰、稳定性7个评价指标,运用指标赋分法和加权平均分法进行生态质量综合评价。结果表明,该保护区生态质量很好,气候适宜,动植物种类丰富,并且由于该区域目前经济处于初步发展中,人为干扰对其影响较小,因此短期内其生态环境质量会相对稳定,具有很高的保护和研究价值。同时针对网湖湿地目前所存在的威胁以及国家在治理和恢复其他湿地保护区的经验,提出了几点关于网湖湿地建设和远景开发规划的建议。 相似文献