Pseudomonas flava WD-3在人工湿地污水净化中的应用研究

为了研究Pseudomonas flava WD-3在复合垂直流人工湿地中对污水的处理效果,将其按照不同梯度接种量(菌悬液浓度为4.575×108个·mL-1)投加到复合垂直流人工湿地中,研究其对污水中氨氮、CODCr、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、总磷的去除效果,确定该菌株的最佳投加量,建立降解动力学模型.结果表明,该菌株对污水中的有机污染物以及氮磷等营养物具有明显的去除效果.菌株的最佳投加量为6.0%,且对污水中NH+4-N、COD、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、TP的去除效果分别为未投加该菌的1.49、1.48、1.45、1.41、1.83倍,且去除性能稳定.低温菌Pseudomonas flava WD-3对污水中各污染物的降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型.     

废砖块作为人工湿地填料的除磷能力研究

对废砖块的物理化学特性进行了分析,并对其进行了磷素吸附能力试验,结果表明,废砖块适于湿地微生物的富集和植物的生长且具有较高的磷素吸附能力.通过构建以废砖块为填料的垂直流人工湿地系统考察并初步探索了其对生活污水中磷素的去除效果和去除机制.结果表明,当水力负荷为5 cm·d-1、运行时间为1 a时,湿地系统除磷效率在90%以上,且效果稳定;废砖块的吸附沉淀作用是湿地系统除磷的主要途径,而植物和微生物直接吸收所起的作用不大;被截留磷素在湿地填料层中具有明显的空间特征,对废砖块中的无机磷形态分析结果表明,废砖块中能与磷素发生沉淀反应的元素含量和其在废砖块中的化学形态是影响其吸附沉淀磷素作用途径的重要因素.因此,废砖块是人工湿地污水处理系统构建过程中较为理想的填料.     

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in cold climate — A review

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option worldwide. However, the application of CW for wastewater treatment in frigid climate presents special challenges. Wetland treatment of wastewater relies largely on biological processes, and reliable treatment is often a function of climate conditions. To date, the rate of adoption of wetland technology for wastewater treatment in cold regions has been slow and there are relatively few published reports on CW applications in cold climate. This paper therefore highlights the practice and applications of treatment wetlands in cold climate. A comprehensive review of the effectiveness of contaminant removal in different wetland systems including: (1) free water surface (FWS) CWs; (2) subsurface flow (SSF) CWs;and (3) hybrid wetland systems, is presented. The emphasis of this review is also placed on the influence of cold weather conditions on the removal efficacies of different contami-nants. The strategies of wetland design and operation for performance intensification, such as the presence of plant, operational mode, effluent recirculation, artificial aeration and in-series design, which are crucial to achieve the sustainable treatment performance in cold climate, are also discussed. This study is conducive to further research for the understanding of CW design and treatment performance in cold climate.     

模糊数学法在晋江水质评价中的应用研究

利用模糊数学综合评价法,选取溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]做为指标对2010年-2014年泉州湾河口湿地晋江流域石砻断面进行水质综合评价与分析,并将评价结果与综合污染指数法的评价结果进行对比.结果显示:在模糊数学评价法中2010、2012、2014年均为Ⅱ类水质,2011和2013年为Ⅰ类水质;评价结果与综合污染指数法的基本一致.表明2010年-2014年晋江流域石砻断面水质良好,模糊数学综合法在水质评价中可行.     

三江平原湿地保护面临的问题及可持续发展战略研究

湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统类型之一,湿地保护工作的重要性已受到社会各界的高度重视.三江平原作为中国面积最大的淡水沼泽湿地分布区,其湿地保护工作尤为重要.目前,三江湿地的保护工作面临持续破坏、永续保护与经济发展之间矛盾突出及保护工作与时俱进有待提高等方面的问题.需继续坚持湿地保护与恢复重建,并在立法保护湿地、湿地生态补偿和加强湿地保护队伍建设等方面开展工作,实现湿地资源利用的可持续发展.     

A review on numerous modeling approaches for effective, economical and ecological treatment wetlands

Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment have evolved substantially over the last decades and have been recognized as an effective means of "green technology" for wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the numerous modeling approaches ranging from simple first-order models to more complex dynamic models of treatment behaviour in CWs. The main objective of the modeling work is to better understand the process in CWs and optimize design criteria. A brief study in this review discusses the efforts taken to describe the process-based model for the efficient removal of pollutants in CWs. Obtaining better insights is essential to understand the hydraulic and biochemical processes in CWs. Currently, employed modeling approaches can be seen in two categories, i.e. "black-box models" and "process-based models". It is evident that future development in wetland technology will depend on improved scientific knowledge of internal treatment mechanisms.     

人工湿地处理葡北站生活污水的探索与应用

结合中国石油吐哈油田公司葡北站的实际情况及对该站生活污水水质进行分析,并对几种常用的污水生化处理工艺进行比较,确定选用三级潜流型人工湿地处理该站生活污水。文章介绍了三级潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统的工艺特点、运行、维护及效果。经分析论证,利用人工湿地处理分散站的小排量生活污水,十分经济且有效,以较低的成本,实现了生活污水的优质处理,产生较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Comparing the utility of image algebra operations for characterizing landscape changes: the case of the Mediterranean coast

The aim of this study is to compare various image algebra procedures for their efficiency in locating and identifying different types of landscape changes on the margin of a Mediterranean coastal plain, Cukurova, Turkey. Image differencing and ratioing were applied to the reflective bands of Landsat TM datasets acquired in 1984 and 2006. Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) differencing were also applied. The resulting images were tested for their capacity to detect nine change phenomena, which were a priori defined in a three-level classification scheme. These change phenomena included agricultural encroachment, sand dune afforestation, coastline changes and removal/expansion of reed beds. The percentage overall accuracies of different algebra products for each phenomenon were calculated and compared. The results showed that some of the changes such as sand dune afforestation and reed bed expansion were detected with accuracies varying between 85 and 97% by the majority of the algebra operations, while some other changes such as logging could only be detected by mid-infrared (MIR) ratioing. For optimizing change detection in similar coastal landscapes, underlying causes of these changes were discussed and the guidelines for selecting band and algebra operations were provided.     

不同香蒲预处理方式对水平潜流人工湿地脱氮的强化效果

针对水平潜流湿地脱氮过程中后端碳源不足导致反硝化脱氮效果不佳的问题,对湿地植物香蒲采用简单处理、酸热处理和碱热处理这3种预处理,探讨香蒲在不同预处理条件下静态释放规律和反硝化特性,基于碳源稳定释放特性及反硝化特性优选碱热处理香蒲作为人工湿地实验系统补给碳源,研究其对水平潜流人工湿地脱氮的强化效果.结果表明,香蒲不同预处理方式导致乙酸释放存在差异,造成碳源静态释放量存在明显差异,3种香蒲处理方式的平均COD释放量为碱热处理(89. 57 mg·L-1)酸热处理(67. 27 mg·L-1)简单处理(54. 45 mg·L-1).碱热处理香蒲硝氮去除率为75. 2%,明显高于酸热处理(67. 2%)和简单处理(23. 5%).水平潜流人工湿地中段投加碱热处理香蒲,能明显提高湿地脱氮效果,TN平均去除率对比空白对照湿地提高30. 3%,同时系统出水COD浓度不会显著提高,还能有效提高系统对污水中磷的去除效果,除磷效果相比空白组提高33. 9%.     

拉萨河流域高寒湿地水质影响因子分析

西藏高寒湿地在生态平衡、生态建设和经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。本文以西藏拉萨河流域内各个典型高寒湿地为研究对象,通过系统聚类法和综合污染指数法,对流域内各项水质指标进行综合分析和评价。结果表明：各个湿地的总N、Cu元素含量都超出了Ⅰ类水质标准;总P、Zn没有超标;Mn元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标3倍外,其他均小于国家标准;Fe元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标7倍外,其他均小于标准。总N、总P、pH值、Cu、Fe等因子对拉萨河流域内各个高寒湿地水质污染贡献最大。拉萨河水体有机污染较重,其余各个湿地有水体富营养化的趋势,同时流域内湿地独特的自然因素造成该流域内重金属污染偏高。对策建议包括应加大对城市污水的治理,加强流域内及周边矿藏资源的开发管理等。