苏州河水的黑臭现象研究

通过对苏州河上海段３００ｋｍ＾２水域范围的实际观测试验，研究了苏州河出现黑臭现象的规律。讨论了河流中的有机污染物（ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ），溶解氧和水温对河水黑臭的影响定量关系，并应用多因子系数，建立了水质黑臭指数关系式，经过实测进行了验证，结果表明，应用所建立的黑臭指数关系式对苏州河沿程水质进行评价，其正确率可达９７％。     

苏州河河道曝气复氧探讨

经过六支流截污、综合调水等苏州河综合整治一期工程项目的实施，苏州河沿岸的污染源大部分已被截留，河水水质大有改善。但是，苏州河北新泾以下河段，由于沿江37座合流泵站雨季排江的冲击负荷，雨天苏州河水体仍有黑臭。向苏州河进行曝气复氧，能在较短的时间内提高水体的溶解氧水平，增强水体的净化功能，对解决突发性的冲击负荷所造成的水质恶化、消除水体黑臭、恢复苏州河水生生态系统，将起到重要的作用。     

The effects of catchment land use on water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblages in Otara Creek,New Zealand

The effect of catchment land use on water quality and macroinvertebrate communities was examined by using data gathered during a 2004 reconnaissance of nine sites in the Otara Creek, New Zealand. Data collected included macroinvertebrate, water chemistry and sediments characteristics. Macroinvertebrate data were used in metric and index calculations. A total of 61 macroinvertebrate taxa, with 3032 total individuals, were identified from the macroinvertebrates samples collected from nine sites in Otara Creek. The greatest number of macroinvertebrate taxa was recorded within bush sites (mean>25), while the urban sites had the least number of taxa (mean=10). Pasture sites were intermediate with the mean>17. Taxa number differed significantly across land use. Mean macroinvertebrates abundance varied across the sites and land uses. The highest macroinvertebrates mean abundance was recorded in urban and pasture sites, while bush sites had significantly lower mean abundance. Physico-chemical parameters decreased from bush toward urban streams. Biotic indices were sensitive to changes in macroinvertebrates community structure across land uses with mean scores decreasing from bush to urban and pasture streams. Ordination of biological data showed a clear separation of bush from urban and pastures streams. Analysis of similarities revealed significant differences in macroinvertebrates between both stream groups and land-use groups. The observed macroinvertebrate assemblage pattern was best correlated with a single variable, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, nitrate and dissolved oxygen. The combination of these environmental variables best explained the changes in the macroinvertebrate assemblages between sites. This study demonstrates that catchment land use may significantly affect the water quality and macroinvertebrate communities in an ecosystem.     

苏州河环境整治二期工程水质影响数值模拟

简述了苏州河概况、苏州河环境综合整治工程和一期工程所取得的成果,提出二期工程重点。为论证二期重点工程及其目标的合理性和可达性,应用苏州河水系水动力水质模型对二期工程措施的水质影响进行了数值模拟,模拟方案包括截污、底泥疏浚、综合调水等。通过计算和分析对二期工程目标的设定进行了论证,结果表明,二期工程实施后,苏州河水质总体上可以实现既定目标。     

苏州河污染支流--绥宁河生物修复试验研究

采用曝气复氧、投加高效微生物菌剂及生物促生液、放养水生植物等构建的组合生物修复技术,对苏州河严重污染支流——绥宁河进行原位污染治理和生态恢复工程试验。结果表明,严重污染的水体消除了黑臭,水体COD平均下降50％以上,DO平均升高2mg/L左右、透明度平均增加10cm以上;单一工程措施的修复效果不及组合技术。试验期间,主要微生物指标以及底泥有机质含量未发生显著变化,说明河流生态的彻底恢复还有待时日。     

吹扫捕集-GC/MS法测定南宁市竹排冲黑臭河道水体嗅味物质

利用吹扫捕集-GC/MS法对引起南宁市竹排冲河道水体黑臭的嗅味物质进行检测分析。结果表明,导致竹排冲水体黑臭的嗅味物质主要为苯系物、硫类化合物和氯苯类化合物,其中甲硫醚(相对含量1.70%)、二甲基二硫醚(相对含量3.19%)、甲基丙基二硫醚(相对含量6.11%)等挥发性有机物为竹排冲水体中的主要致嗅物质,是竹排冲水体嗅味产生的主要原因。     

A critical appraisal of PAH indices as indicators of PAH source and composition in Elelenwo Creek,southern Nigeria

The survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their relation to potential pollution sources were investigated in suspended particulate matter (SPM), surface waters, and sediments from Elelenwo Creek, southern Nigeria. Total PAH concentrations varied from 2,021.35 to 3,926.84 μg/kg dry weights in SPM and from 4,238.00 to 5,490.84 μg/kg dry weights in sediments. Furthermore, concentration levels of PAHs varied from 720.46 to 857.65 μg/l in the surface waters, which indicates that the aquatic ecosystem is polluted by PAHs. The 2, 3-ring PAHs were not dominant in SPM (34.73%), surface water (40.09%), and sediments (22.43%). While anthracene was more abundant, of the 2, 3-ring PAHs in SPM, the most abundant in the surface waters and sediments were fluorene and acenaphthylene. Four origin indices or concentration ratios of PAH isomer pairs were used to evaluate the suitability of these compounds as tracers to distinguish between the contamination arising from different sources. A critical appraisal of the PAH indices, therefore, suggested that biomass combustion is the major PAH source in the environmental matrices. Relative PAH patterns in the environmental matrices were also evaluated using principal component analysis, and were found to correlate with the PAH patterns of the different potential contamination sources.     

苏州河疏浚污泥作填埋场封场覆土的实验研究

通过对苏州河疏浚污泥相关土力学工程性质、重金属含量和浸出液性质的测定分析,对疏浚污泥作为填埋场覆盖防水材料进行研究,结果表明,通过适当的预处理,疏浚污泥的渗透系数可以达到10~(-7)cm/s;作为防水层使用时,土力学性能指标满足安全使用的要求,同时对周围环境不会造成二次污染。     

Discriminating between Copper and Silver Mill Tailings in Silver Bow Creek Overbank Deposits,Butte, Montana,U.S.A.

Mining of the Butte deposit evolved over 100 years from placer mining starting in 1864 through silver mining to copper mining in the 1900s. Tailings resulting from milling during the period 1876-1924 were typically sluiced into the adjacent Silver Bow Creek (SBC) where they were washed downstream. The most significant flood event in 1908, among others, resulted in emplacement of approximately 2.9 m tons of sediment intermixed with tailings as overbank deposits along SBC between Butte and the Warm Springs Ponds. Apportioning the associated costs was contingent in part on discriminating between ownership of liability for the silver and copper tailings, which together formed the most significant portion of the overbank deposits. Samples were collected of tailings end-members and SBC deposits and their characteristic mineralogy (e.g. galena for silver tailings, and enargite for copper tailings) used to ascertain mixing of the tailings along SBC. This analysis identified Pb as a signature element for silver tailings and Cu for copper tailings. Two-hundred and twenty-four Cu and Pb chemical analyses representing 43 transects through the overbank deposits along SBC allowed calculation of the proportional contribution of the end members for each integrated transect. Accumulating the volumes from each transect resulted in an apportionment of 53% copper and 47% silver tailings in the overbank deposits.     

综合调水对苏州河周边水系水质影响的数值模拟

进行长期有效的水资源综合调度是实现2010年苏州河河水变清的综合整治目标的一项重要措施。为进一步论证该项措施对周边水系的水质影响,为综合调水提供科学的决策依据,利用MIKE11模型系统建立了上海市苏州河水系的水动力、水质模型,进行苏州河综合调水对黄浦江以及蕴藻浜水质的影响作用的数值模拟。分析表明,苏州河综合调水对松浦大桥取水口水质基本没有影响,并可以在一定程度上改善黄浦江干流中下游河段的水质;东引北排初期会增加蕴藻浜干流的污染负荷,持续调水6d后蕴藻浜干流河段的水质将得到改善。