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701.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):1-15
Due to the combined effect of sluices and sea tide, the sluice-controlled coastal plain river would be characterized by both trophic state and salinity gradients, affecting the spatiotemporal optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation of water quality parameters and optical properties of DOM in the Haihe River, a representative sluice-controlled coastal plain river in Tianjin, China. A significant salinity gradient and four trophic states were observed in the water body of the Haihe River. Two humic- and one protein-like substances were identified from the DOM by the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra combined with the parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the salinity significantly affected the abundance of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) but did not cause significant changes in the fluorescence optical characteristics. In addition, the effect of Trophic state index (TSI) on the CDOM abundance was greater than that on the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). In the water body with both salinity and trophic state gradients, TSI posed a greater influence than salinity on the CDOM abundance. Our results fill the research gap in spatiotemporal DOM characteristics and water quality variation in water bodies with both salinity and trophic state gradients. These results are beneficial for clarifying the joint influence of saline intrusion and sluices on the DOM characteristics and water quality in sluice-controlled coastal plain rivers. 相似文献
702.
为分析评价鄱阳湖流域重金属积累污染情况,采集流域内沉积物及土壤样品,测定其Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As、Hg含量以及pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)、有机质(SOM)以及黏粒含量等理化参数,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价流域内沉积物及土壤的重金属污染水平,利用相关性分析法及主成分分析法解析重金属污染的影响因素... 相似文献
703.
长江流域治理开发是长江治理、开发、保护和管理的总称,包括流域治理、水资源开发利用、水资源保护、水土保持生态建设以及流域管理等内容,经过建国以来半个多世纪的发展和努力,长江流域治理开发取得了巨大的成就。在可持续发展战略和和谐社会思想的指导下,流域治理开发与生态环境建设息息相关,正确评价长江流域治理开发对生态与环境的改善和保护作用,对于促进治江事业的健康发展,充分发挥其生态环境效益具有十分重要的意义。通过对长江流域近五十多年来治理开发的总结归纳,分别从治理、开发、保护和管理等角度分析和总结了其对生态环境的保护和改善作用,认为长江流域治理开发总体上对生态、环境保护发挥了充分和积极的作用。 相似文献
704.
705.
珠江流域河流碳输出通量及变化特征 总被引:6,自引:10,他引:6
研究河流碳运移对于研究全球碳循环以及探讨河流对全球气候变化的响应机制具有重要意义.2012年4月和7月选取珠江主流及支流11个代表性断面,分析悬浮颗粒物和碳组分的空间分布和季节变化,同时选取博罗、石角和高要这3个主控断面,对珠江流域的碳通量和侵蚀模数进行了估算.结果表明,珠江流域悬浮颗粒物(TSS)、颗粒有机碳(POC)以及溶解有机碳(DOC)随雨季的到来而质量浓度升高,西江上游TSS和POC的质量浓度增加显著;珠江流域河流碳的4种组分中,溶解无机碳(DIC)的所占质量分数最高,且西江、北江的DIC质量浓度明显高于东江;西江、北江和东江河流中外源POC分别占78%、72%和26%,三大支流的POC均受上游C3植物的影响;珠江流域的TSS、总碳(TC)、POC、颗粒无机碳(PIC)、DOC、DIC、以及颗粒碳(TPC)、总有机碳(TOC)的入海通量分别为134×1012、12.69×1012、2.50×1012、1.01×1012、1.13×1012、8.05×1012、3.51×1012和3.65×1012g·a-1,对应的侵蚀模数分别为:309×106、28.98×106、5.75×106、2.27×106、2.56×106、18.4×106、8.02×106和8.31×106g·(km2.a)-1.与全球主要河流碳侵蚀模数相比,珠江流域河流DOC、POC和TOC的侵蚀模数均高于全球平均值. 相似文献
706.
6+ ), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Water-column,
bed-sediment, and fish-tissue (fillets) data collected by five government agencies comprised the ambient data set; effluent
data from five registered facilities comprised the compliance data set. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend test indicated
that 33% of temporal trends in all data were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Possible reasons for this were low sample sizes, and a high percentage of samples below the analytical detection
limit. Trends in compliance data were more distinct; most trace elements decreased significantly, probably due to improvements
in wastewater treatment. Seven trace elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn) had statistically significant decreases in
wastewater and portions of either or both ambient water and bed sediment. No trends were found in fish tissue. Inconsistency
in trends between ambient and compliance data were often found for individual constituents, making overall similarity between
the data sets difficult to determine. Logistical differences in monitoring programs, such as varying field and laboratory
methods among agencies, made it difficult to assess ambient temporal trends. 相似文献
707.
渭河浮游细菌群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
基于T-rflp技术和高通量测序技术,分析了渭河在平水期、枯水期和丰水期的浮游细菌群落变化特征,并采用冗余分析和典范对应分析识别了不同水文时期影响细菌群落的关键环境因子.结果表明,渭河水体浮游细菌群落空间和季节差异明显,且季节性差异比空间差异更加显著.平水期、枯水期和丰水期渭河(陕西段)干流浮游细菌群落Shannon多样性指数分别在2.13~2.82、2.05~2.84和2.61~2.91之间.平水期浮游细菌多样性指数空间差异最大(RSD=16.75%),样点间群落结构相似度最低(26.8%),流域优势T-RF片段数最多(23种);丰水期浮游细菌Shannon指数空间差异最小(RSD=9.27%),样点间群落相似度最高(62.6%),且检出的优势片段数最少(12种).咸阳-西安段是浮游细菌群落多样性最低、优势菌群结构最单一的河段.河流水体细菌群落在不同时期的关键环境驱动因子不同,而其中悬浮颗粒物(TSS)浓度是不同水文时期都不可忽视的关键影响因子.高通量分析结果表明,丰水期渭河水体浮游细菌物种涉及21个已知细菌门类和26个候选门类,其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)共同的相对丰度占比达到75%以上,是最主要的细菌类群.汛期渭河干流各样点浮游细菌群落特征趋于一致,物种结构与泾河相似而与黑河存在明显差异. 相似文献
708.
709.
Alan F. Hamlet Dennis P. Lettenmaier 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1597-1623
ABSTRACT: As part of the National Assessment of Climate Change, the implications of future climate predictions derived from four global climate models (GCMs) were used to evaluate possible future changes to Pacific Northwest climate, the surface water response of the Columbia River basin, and the ability of the Columbia River reservoir system to meet regional water resources objectives. Two representative GCM simulations from the Hadley Centre (HC) and Max Planck Institute (MPI) were selected from a group of GCM simulations made available via the National Assessment for climate change. From these simulations, quasi-stationary, decadal mean temperature and precipitation changes were used to perturb historical records of precipitation and temperature data to create inferred conditions for 2025, 2045, and 2095. These perturbed records, which represent future climate in the experiments, were used to drive a macro-scale hydrology model of the Columbia River at 1/8 degree resolution. The altered streamflows simulated for each scenario were, in turn, used to drive a reservoir model, from which the ability of the system to meet water resources objectives was determined relative to a simulated hydrologic base case (current climate). Although the two GCM simulations showed somewhat different seasonal patterns for temperature change, in general the simulations show reasonably consistent basin average increases in temperature of about 1.8–2.1°C for 2025, and about 2.3–2.9°C for 2045. The HC simulations predict an annual average temperature increase of about 4.5°C for 2095. Changes in basin averaged winter precipitation range from -1 percent to + 20 percent for the HC and MPI scenarios, and summer precipitation is also variously affected. These changes in climate result in significant increases in winter runoff volumes due to increased winter precipitation and warmer winter temperatures, with resulting reductions in snowpack. Average March 1 basin average snow water equivalents are 75 to 85 percent of the base case for 2025, and 55 to 65 percent of the base case by 2045. By 2045 the reduced snowpack and earlier snow melt, coupled with higher evapotranspiration in early summer, would lead to earlier spring peak flows and reduced runoff volumes from April-September ranging from about 75 percent to 90 percent of the base case. Annual runoff volumes range from 85 percent to 110 percent of the base case in the simulations for 2045. These changes in streamflow create increased competition for water during the spring, summer, and early fall between non-firm energy production, irrigation, instream flow, and recreation. Flood control effectiveness is moderately reduced for most of the scenarios examined, and desirable navigation conditions on the Snake are generally enhanced or unchanged. Current levels of winter-dominated firm energy production are only significantly impacted for the MPI 2045 simulations. 相似文献
710.
珠江三角洲地区酸雨污染简析 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
以珠江三角洲地区主要城市的降水常规监测数据资料为依据,简要分析了该地区降水酸度和酸雨频率年度变化情况,并对酸雨的危害进行了初步的探讨。研究结果表明:该地区酸雨污染依然严重,降水酸度与二氧化硫污染等因素有关,酸雨类型以硫酸型为主。 相似文献