秦皇岛港建设绿色企业文化探析

建设绿色企业文化是秦皇岛港实现绿色发展的前提,对港口的发展有深远的意义和重要作用.秦皇岛港应从强化领导意识、提高职工素质、完善绿色制度体系、构建绿色企业形象等方面入手建设港口绿色企业文化.     

Current status and trends of the environmental performance in European ports

This paper investigates the current status and trends over time in the environmental performance of European ports. The research is based on the provision of data from 79 European ports on issues related to their environmental management, environmental priorities and current environmental monitoring practices. This study updates previous environmental reviews, so that the trends over time are drawn. For instance, 90% of respondent ports stated that they have an environmental policy and 94% of ports have designated environmental personnel. The percentage of ports that have an Environmental Management System has increased by +33% in the last 9 years. Air quality, port waste and energy consumption emerged as the three major environmental priorities of the European port sector in 2013. The research also reveals the diversity amongst European ports in terms of size and physical surroundings. Some examples are presented on specific initiatives carried out by sector organisations about the Top-10 port priority issues. The future expectations of European ports on data collection and reporting are described.     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination of Surface Sediments from Port Dickson,Malaysia: Distribution,Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment

Distribution and sources of 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments from Port Dickson, Malaysia. Total PAHs varied from 481.3 to 976.6 with a mean value of 679.3 ng g^?1 dry weight, which can be classified as moderate level of pollution. The toxic assessment suggested that the PAHs in sediments will not cause immediately adverse biological effects. Both petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs were recorded in the study area with dominance of pyrogenic. The authors believe that effective monitoring and implementation of environmental regulations have resulted in a tremendous improvement of sediment quality in the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem.     

基于灰色综合评价的通航安全角度下吴淞口建闸方案优选

将层次分析法与灰色关联分析法相结合,评价吴淞口挡潮闸3个备选方案对通航安全的影响。首先通过专家调查法,并对相关资料进行综合分析,确定吴淞口水闸建设工程方案通航安全影响评价指标,然后运用层次分析法计算各指标权重,最后利用灰色关联分析建立灰色评价模型,得到关联序,定量分析各方案在通航安全影响方面的优劣,得出最优方案,为吴淞口建闸方案的确定提供依据。     

湛江特呈岛红树林植物群落的结构和动态特征

对特呈岛红树林植被进行多次和全面的调查,通过采用格子样的方法,选取面积为100～800 m^2的样地,每片样地再分成若干10 m×10 m的样方,对红树林样地内的植物进行每木测量,记录各植物的种名、胸径、高度、冠幅等,并进行重要性以及多样性等常规的群落分析,判定该地区植被的生长特征以及研究其演替动态变化。结果表明：①面积较大的群落主要有3个类型,即白骨壤群落（Avicennia marina）、白骨壤＋红海榄群落（Avicennia marina＋Rhizophora stylosa）、白骨壤-桐花树群落（Avicennia marina-Aegiceras corniculatum）;其它面积较小的群落有：白骨壤＋红海榄-木榄＋桐花树群落（vicennia marina＋Rhizophora stylosa-Bruguiera gymnorrhiza＋Aegiceras corniculatum）、红海榄＋木榄群落（Rhizophora stylosa＋Bru-guiera gymnorrhiza）;②在3个主要群落中,优势种的苗木和小树相对较少,优势种群的年龄结构均为衰退型;③各群落的Simpson指数关系为：白骨壤＋红海榄群落﹥红海榄＋木榄群落﹥白骨壤＋红海榄—木榄＋桐花树群落﹥白骨壤—桐花树群落﹥白骨壤群落;白骨壤群落的重要值为300,为典型的单优群落;④特呈岛的白骨壤群落是中国该类群落中面积最大的,目前长势良好,无病虫害,并且红树林外缘的白骨壤枝干在波浪冲刷或人为原因下,受到较严重的侵蚀,其幼树在林外缘基本无法存活,需要加强保护,对其生理生态学特征也值得进一步深入研究。     

环渤海地区青岛港港口竞争力分析

青岛港在环渤海港口群中处于重要地位,目前已与大连港、天津港形成了我国北方地区“三港鼎立”的格局.从分析青岛港发展现状与存在问题出发,比较评价了环渤海地区主要港口的竞争力,分析青岛港发展中的竞争优势与不足,探寻提升青岛港港口竞争力的途径与对策.     

Distribution characteristics of dinoflagellate cysts in the Yantian Port,Shenzhen, China北大核心CSCD

An annual quarterly survey of six stations in Yantian Port, Shenzhen, China was conducted from January 2020 to October 2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of Yantian Port. In total, 36 species representing five groups and two uncertain taxa were identified. The dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoidea, Alexandrium spp., Gymnodinium catenatum, Cochlodinium spp., and Lingulodinium polyedrum. The seasonal difference was not obvious in terms of temporal distribution. The number of species ranged from 32 to 36, and the abundance varied from 297 to 996 cysts/g. The annual average values of the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were 3.65, 1.55, and 0.93, respectively. The annual number and abundance of heterotrophic species were higher than those of autotrophic species. The number and abundance of species at stations near the dock zone were lower than those near the adjacent area. Notably, six toxic dinoflagellate cysts were found in the surface sediment of Yantian Port, indicating a potential outbreak risk for their vegetative cells in the local coastal area. This study provides a picture of the “Seed Bank” of dinoflagellates near Yantian Port, Shenzhen, and provides a reference value for predicting the occurrence of algal blooms. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

小溪港浮游植物群落特征及水质评价

2012—2013年于春、夏、秋、冬四季对小溪港进行4次水环境质量调查,利用种类组成、种群数量、优势种、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和SI(污生指数)等指标分析小溪港浮游植物群落特征,并对小溪港水环境质量状况进行评价. 结果表明:小溪港浮游植物共8门51种,其中绿藻门的种类数最多,共26种,占总种数的50.98%;其次为硅藻门,共9种,占17.65%;蓝藻门5种,占9.80%. 浮游植物数量年均值为184.16×104 L-1,主要为蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门;峰值出现在夏季,为292.43×104 L-1,之后为春、秋和冬季. 小溪港的优势种共4门7种,分别为蓝藻门的微囊藻(Microcystis spp.),绿藻门的星芒衣藻(Chlamydomonas stellata)、丝藻(Planctonema sp.)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris),硅藻门的小环藻(Cyclotella spp.),隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta). Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显示出明显的季节变化规律,其年均值分别为1.81、1.55、0.51;SI年均值为2.44. 总体上,小溪港水质污染状况为中污染.      

结合在线监测和自动识别系统分析东海沿岸船舶排放特征

海运排放大气污染物对空气质量和气候具有重要影响,但是由于船舶类型及其运行工况的复杂性,人们对船舶排放特征的认识仍然不足.东海沿岸是全球航运活动最为密集的地区之一,汇集了各种国内国际运输船只.选取宁波舟山港作为研究地点,使用在线仪器长时间测量主要的环境大气气体和颗粒污染物,并利用自动识别系统（AIS）,获得每种船舶的速度.根据后向轨迹区分出：1受船舶排放影响主导的时期（夏季风,由处于完全运行或停泊的船舶占主导地位）;2受内陆气流影响主导的时期（冬季风）.结果表明二氧化硫（SO₂）、氮氧化物（NO_x）和黑碳气溶胶（BC）的排放与高速运行的船舶相关,而一氧化碳（CO）可能与较低的运行速度的船舶有关,总颗粒物（PM）与船舶速度没有显著相关关系.主要污染物在巡航工况下的排放增强因子约为怠速工况1~4倍.研究通过对直接环境背景下船舶排放进行原位观测,为评估船舶排放清单提供重要参考.     

Potential of secondary aerosol formation from Chinese gasoline engine exhaust

Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China.