哈尔滨市利民经济技术开发区生态工业建设研究

哈尔滨市是国家“一五”时期重点布局建设的老工业基地城市之一，长期以来受“先发展，后治理”现念的影响。在工业发展、城市建设中留下许多遗憾和欠账。随着“工业强市”战略的提出，哈尔滨市迎来了二次工业化浪潮，也迎来了发展生态工业的最佳时期。因此。适时导入循环经济和工业生态学理念，以利民经济技术开发区为生态工业建设示范因区，是探索哈尔滨市经济因区生态工业建设的有益尝试。     

汉江流域土地利用变化及空间格局分析

土地利用变化是人类活动对自然环境施加影响的显著表现形式,已成为全球环境变化研究的重要内容。基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用三期Landsat TM图像的解译成果,分析了安康市1985～2000年土地利用变化的结构特征及其空间差异格局。研究表明,近15年来,安康市土地利用转移量主要发生在耕地、林地、草地和水域之间．建设用地和未利用土地的转移趋势不明显。三个时段内各土地利用类型的净变化量差异比较明显。1985～1995年．耕地变化以转入为主,其中由草地转入的比重最大,占耕地总转入量的96．02％。1995～2000年,耕地以大量转出为主,共有1503．21hm2的耕地转为其它用地,其中转向林地和草地的量占耕地总转移量的比例分别是15．46％和78．77％。在行政区尺度上各种用地类型的净变化量分布比较均衡,而在垂直带空间尺度上耕地、林地和草地的净变化随海拔高度的分异较为明显。大致以1600m为界,耕地随海拔高度升高而递减,林地、草地随海拔高度升高而递增．     

城市地域的可持续发展研究：以深圳市宝安区为例

本文对可持续发展,城市地域可持续发展的理论内涵和现实操作思路作了初步探讨,并以深圳市宝安区为例结合该地自然,经济和社会生产条件现状及存在问题的综合分析,提出了建宝区可持续发展基本框架的几点战略性措施。     

天津市节能减排绩效及经济效益协调性研究

利用节能绩效-减排绩效关系图,以及节能绩效、减排绩效与经济效益协调关系三角图,研究了2006-2008年天津市17个区县及滨海新区的节能减排绩效关系及其经济协调性状态和趋势.结果如下:①2006-2008年,天津市17个区县及滨海新区的节能减排绩效整体上较差,河西区、西青区、津南区、北辰区、宝坻区、静海县和蓟县的节能减排绩效呈现变差趋势,东丽区和滨海新区(塘沽区、汉沽区和大港区)节能减排绩效很差且无明显变好趋势;其他6个区县的节能减排绩效呈现变好趋势.②2008年,北辰区、武清区、静海县3个区县的经济协调性很强,河西区、河北区、汉沽区、蓟县处于强不经济协调性状态,滨海新区处于弱不协调性状态;2006年,大部分区县(包括滨海新区)处于弱不经济协调性状态,且按强协调趋势发展,其协调性增强主要来自经济效益驱动.③天津市17个区县及滨海新区的节能减排绩效及经济协调性评估权重选择较为合理,能准确地反映节能减排现状.     

创建环境优美乡镇探析——以南川区兴隆镇创建环境优美乡镇为例

重庆位于长江的上游,对长江的污染较为突出,南川区位于重庆的南部,属于重庆"一小时经济圈",对长江的污染不可忽视。本文叙述了创建环境优美乡镇的意义,分析了南川区兴隆镇在创建环境优美乡镇过程中,采取了一系列措施后所取得的成效,以及采取一定措施后仍存在的问题,并对南川区兴隆镇创建环境优美乡镇提出了几点建议。最后,文中还提出了创建环境优美乡镇对控制长江污染所产生的意义。     

Measurement and Spatial Distribution of Urban Land Use Compactness in Chaoyang District of Beijing, China

China is in the process of rapid urbanization, and wise land use is critical to the long-term sustainability of Chinese cities.Promotion of a compact city is typically believed to be helpful for sustainable land use management. However, given the fact that Chinese cities are characterized by high population densities, the applicability of a more compact solution to expand cities in China remains questionable; there is little evidence to support the many claims in its favor. In seeking to provide empirical data to explore the application of compact city theory in China, one of the key problems researchers face is the task of measuring the urban com-pactness, in order to objectively investigate the current characteristics of urban compactness. To meet this need, indices were developed for measuring the urban land use compactness, by which the spatial distribution characteristics of urban land use compactness were identified and applied to the Chaoyang District of Beijing. The conclusions can be made as follows: (1) comprehensive land use compactness in Chaoyang District has increased during the period of 2001-2007, especially the population density; (2) the spatial distribution of land use compactness has the characteristics of a ring structure, which shows a decreasing trend with its distance to the city center; (3) there is a strong positive correlation between urban land use compactness and location. The better the location is, the higher the land use compactness is.     

Interaction of DNA with aromatic hydrocarbons fraction in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou, China

Voluminously epidemiological studies show that the relationships exist between the air pollution and human health and cancer. Aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)in air form a large class of organic pollutants,which are widely in environment and many of them are known to be carcinogenic and/or mutagenic and contribute to ambient air pollution.In the past decades,bioassays mainly have been used to evaluate the toxicity of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates or aqueous environment.However,it is well known that the covalent complexes formed by carcinogens with DNA may be exert negative results in bioassay.So the main aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation method of toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates from chemical standpoint.In this study,the in vitro interaction of the AHs with DNA was investigated by absorption,fluorescence and resonance light scattering (RLS)spectroscopic techniques.The results showed that the AHs in the atmospheric particulates could combine with calf thymus DNA(ctDNA)and herring sperm DNA(hsDNA)without being activated or metabolized by organism,respectively.Intercalation may be present in the mechanism of interaction.The binding constants of the AHs with ctDNA and hsDNA were 2.5×10~2 and 2.0×10~3, respectively,which indicated that the interaction of the AHs with hsDNA is stronger than that with ctDNA.In addition,the relationships of dose-effect between the total mole concentration of chemical components and the ability of binding ctDNA and hsDNA were confirmed.This research made it possible to study the toxicity effects of chemical mixtures in atmospheric particulates by chemical method.It is believed that the composition and contents of unknown AHs and the interaction of DNA with AHs in atmospheric particulates of Xigu District of Lanzhou City,China are first reported in the past twenty years.     

广州市萝岗区生态系统服务功能价值空间评估

基于遥感与GIS,选取生产有机物质、涵养水源、净化环境污染、气体调节、营养物质循环、保土育肥6项生态系统服务功能主要指标,计算得到的各项量化的生态服务功能效益,通过影子工程法、市场价值法和机会成本法等转换成生态系统服务价值,在小空间格网上对广州市萝岗区生态系统服务功能价值进行了定量评估和空间分析。结果表明：萝岗区2007年生态系统服务价值达到16.13亿元,平均为37 175.81元/hm2。从空间分布看：萝岗区北部农林地区生态服务价值最高,中部、东部山区的服务价值较高,南部工业地区服务价值较低。不同的生态景观具有不同的生态服务功能,保持生态景观的多样性和均衡性能促进生态系统服务价值的增加。萝岗区生态城建设要保护该区原生的自然生态景观特征和景观格局,促进区域生态服务功能的全面提升和生态服务价值总体增加。     

上海嘉定区PM10污染状况分析

对嘉定两个站点PM10进行连续监测,研究结果表明：气象条件是浓度变化的主要因素,两地区11月、12月和1月浓度较高,与该季节污染物扩散条件差有关;3月、4月和5月浓度较高,与春节北方沙尘有关,而在扩散条件不佳的2月浓度不高与每年该月的雨水较多有关。     

Local people's perceptions of participating in conservation in a heritage site: A case study of the Wuyishan Scenery District cultural and natural heritage site in Southeastern China

The perceptions and attitudes of local people in heritage sites strongly influence their behaviour related to protecting heritage resources and improving management. In this study, we collected pertinent data through a questionnaire and group discussions to examine local people's attitudes and perceptions toward participation in heritage protection in Wuyishan Scenery District (WSD). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that influence local people's perceptions of heritage protection behaviours. The results indicate that education level is the most critical factor in local people's initiatives to protect heritage resources. Local people with higher education levels pay more attention to the status of WSD and behave more positively with regard to conservation. Gender and income are relatively important factors in perceptions of heritage. Males have better knowledge of heritage resources than females do, and inhabitants with higher income levels are more likely to participate in protection, especially after WSD was listed as a World Heritage Site. Education level was always a key demographic factor before and after WSD's listing on the Heritage List. Household size was a significant factor before WSD was listed on the Heritage List, but it was not significant after, when household income became a significant factor.