长江口生态系统服务功能价值评估

长江口海域水面开阔,资源丰富,具有多种生态系统服务功能.本文根据长江口海域生态系统的特点,将该区域分为湿地和水域分别研究,参考Constanza等人提出的十七项生态系统服务功能,利用市场价值法、影子工程法、费用替代法以及专家评估法等方法,对长江口海域生态价值进行了评估.结果表明,2005年长江口海域生态服务价值为123.5亿元.     

基于Ecopath模型的长江口生态系统结构与功能分析

依据2020年春季（5月）和秋季（11月）2次长江口渔业资源和生态环境调查数据,构建长江口生态系统Ecopath模型,分析了长江全面禁渔前夕,长江口水域生态系统的结构和能量流动特征。模型共包括龙头鱼、凤鲚、刀鲚、舌鳎、浮游动物食性鱼类、底栖生物食性鱼类、游泳生物食性鱼类、杂食性鱼类等17个功能组,基本覆盖了长江口生态系统能量流动过程。结果表明,长江口生态系统营养级集中在1.000~4.438,龙头鱼营养级最高,其他鱼类营养级集中在2.907~3.768,分布较广;底栖生物、软体动物和虾蟹类的营养级集中在2.365~2.826。长江口生态系统各营养级的能量流动分布主要集中在营养级Ⅰ~Ⅱ中,来自营养级Ⅰ的能量流动在系统总能量流动中占比最高。长江口生态系统的能量流动以牧食食物链传递为主。与过去相比,2020年长江口生态系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量（TPP/TR）较高,连接指数（CI）与系统杂食指数（SOI）有所上升,但仍小于1,表明长江口生态系统仍不成熟,总体处于发育阶段。     

长江口及其邻近海域春季大型底栖生物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析

2009年4月对长江口及其邻近海域的21个站位进行了大型底栖生物调查,分析了大型底栖动物的环境质量状况,并结合环境因子数据进行了典范对应分析。结果表明,调查共鉴定大型底栖生物56种,多毛类为主要类群。平均生物量为11.26 g/m2,平均丰度为237.4个/m2。生物量、丰度均呈现由近岸向外海递增的趋势。水深、盐度、初级生产力和有机质、重金属是影响调查海域大型底栖生物群落的主要环境因子。大型底栖生物的分布呈现出对有机污染与重金属污染显著的躲避趋势,表明有机污染与重金属污染已显著影响该海域大型底栖生物的生长。而小头虫、寡节甘吻沙蚕、长手沙蚕和丝鳃虫对有机污染和重金属污染展现出较强的的耐受性。     

Distribution and accumulation of biogenic silica in the intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Sedimentary biogenic silica is known to be all important parameter to understand biogeochemical processes and paleoenviromental records in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Consequently, it is of great significance to investigate accumulation and distribution of biogenic silica in sediments. The two-step mild acid-mild alkaline extraction procedure was used to leach biogenic silica and its early diagenetic products in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that total biogenic silica(t-BSi)in the intertidal sediments varied from 237. 7-419. 4 μmol Si/g. while the mild acid leachable silica(Si-HCl)and the mild alkaline leachable silica(Si-Alk)were in the range of 25. 1-72. 9μmol Si/g and 208. 1-350. 4 μmol Si/g. respectively. Significant correlations were observed for the grain size distributions of sediments and different biogenic silica pools in intertidal sediments. This confirms that grain size distribution Can significantly affect biogenic silica contents in sediments. Close relationships of biogenic silica with organic carbon and nitrogen Were also found, reflecting that there is a strong coupling between biogenic silica and organic matter biogeochemical cycles in the intertidal system of the Yangtze Estuary. Additionally, the early diagenetic changes of biogenic silica in sediments are discussed in the present study.