Spatial soil zinc content distribution from terrain parameters: A GIS-based decision-tree model in Lebanon

Heavy metal contamination has been and continues to be a worldwide phenomenon that has attracted a great deal of attention from governments and regulatory bodies. In this context, our study proposes a regression-tree model to predict the concentration level of zinc in the soils of northern Lebanon (as a case study of Mediterranean landscapes) under a GIS environment. The developed tree-model explained 88% of variance in zinc concentration using pH (100% in relative importance), surroundings of waste areas (90%), proximity to roads (80%), nearness to cities (50%), distance to drainage line (25%), lithology (24%), land cover/use (14%), slope gradient (10%), conductivity (7%), soil type (7%), organic matter (5%), and soil depth (5%). The overall accuracy of the quantitative zinc map produced (at 1:50.000 scale) was estimated to be 78%. The proposed tree model is relatively simple and may also be applied to other areas.     

攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤Zn污染调查研究

根据各水果、蔬菜基地的分区定点采样结果的对比分析,研究了四川省攀西地区主要蔬菜和水果基地土壤中Zn含量。结果表明,该区土壤Zn平均值范围在75．0～160mg／kg之间。各基地土壤平均锌含量顺序为：撒莲蔬菜基地〉攀莲蔬菜基地〉会理石榴基地〉大田石榴基地〉西区芒果、桂圆基地〉仁和芒果基地〉盐边芒果、枇杷基地。7个基地中有3个基地的土壤锌含量不同程度超过土壤环境质量Ⅱ级标准,其中以大田石榴基地超标最高（16％）,平均值却是两个蔬菜基地最高。     

改性沸石对土壤铅、锌赋存形态的影响简

通过室内土壤培养实验,研究改性沸石对污染土壤中Pb、Zn赋存形态的影响。结果表明,土壤中的Pb主要是以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态存在,土壤Zn主要以残渣态存在。添加天然沸石和改性沸石不同程度地降低土壤酸提取态Pb、Zn的含量,提高土壤残渣态Pb、Zn的含量。与CK处理相比,添加4种沸石导致土壤酸提取态Pb含量降低8.7%~40.3%,土壤酸提取态Zn含量降低10.5%~49.8%（培养1个月）。硝酸钾改性沸石比天然沸石更能显著地降低土壤酸提取态Pb、Zn的含量,而氢氧化钠改性沸石和硝酸钾改性沸石比天然沸石更能显著地降低土壤酸提取态的Zn含量。培养1、2和3月后,不同沸石处理导致土壤残渣态Zn比率分别比CK处理提高14.4%~23.5%、19.6%~23.7%和1.9%~11.1%。研究结果表明,天然沸石经过一定方法改性后,是固定污染土壤Pb、Zn的潜在改良剂。     

改性白菜叶渣对重金属Zn2＋吸附性能

为了研究白菜叶渣对锌离子的吸附作用,采用静态吸附的方法,以酸碱处理后的废弃白菜渣为原材料,获得加人量（X1）、浓度（X2）、时间（X3）、pH（X4）和温度（X5）各单因素对Zn2＋的最佳吸附点,再通过二次回归正交旋转组合设计对白菜渣吸附Zn2＋的条件进行优化,并讨论了吸附过程中吸附等温线与动力曲线的相关特征。结果表明,当加入量0．2g、浓度2mg／L、吸附时间5h、pH为4以及温度20％时,吸附达到最大95．08％,验证所测最大吸附率93．89％,与预测值基本相符。对比实验说明白菜渣对Zn2吸附效果要优于活性炭。25℃和35℃时的等温线的拟合结果表明,白菜渣对Zn2＋是物理化学共同吸附的复杂过程。     

进口粉末涂料物品的固体废物属性鉴别方法研究

基于已完成的90余例进口粉末涂料物品固体废物属性的鉴别实践,系统介绍了所遇到的进口粉末涂料物品的申报品名、每种品名所占的比例、种类以及每种种类的特征、固体废物属性鉴别的关键方法和所占的比例,其中申报品名主要为粉末涂料,所占比例为46.3%;鉴别结果主要为过期粉或者不合格粉,所占比例为41.8%。为进口粉末涂料物品的固体废物属性鉴别和监管提供参考,对将无法再生利用的废粉末涂料固体废物堵在国门之外具有重要意义。     

Effect of additives in the Neem formulations on deposition,volatilization and persistence of Azadirachtin in spruce foliage

Abstract

Foliar deposits, volatilization and persistence of azadirachtin‐A (AZ‐A) were investigated after application of four spray mixes prepared from a wettable powder (WP) and three emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of neem. They were applied at the dosage rate of 50 g AI in 4 L/ha onto potted spruce seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber. Droplet‐size spectra and deposits were assessed using Kromekote^® card/glass plate collection units. Foliar residues [dislodgeable residues (DR), penetrated residues (PR) and total residues (TR)] of AZ‐A and their volatilization were measured by HPLC at different intervals of time up to 60 h after treatment. Differences in the droplet‐size spectra and deposit levels were observed among the four spray mixes due to the influence of additives present in them. Dissipation half‐lives (DT₅₀) of the DR, PR and TR in the foliage were low (range, 19.5 to 38.9 h) and varied according to the residue type and the spray mix used. The DT₅₀ values of the DR were consistently lower (range, 19.5 to 31.9 h) than those of the PR (range, 30.5 to 38.9 h) due to preferential loss of the surface residues. The low DT₅₀ values observed for the DR and TR in the foliage sprayed with the WP spray mix were attributed to the particulate nature of the deposit. AZ‐A volatilized appreciably from the DR rather than from the PR. The variations found in the amounts of AZ‐A volatilized (42 to 58%) and unaccountable (38 to 46%) from the initial TR values in spruce foliage, after 60 h, were attributed to the physical form of the deposits on the target surface and the influences of additives present in the different spray mixes.     

浓硫酸低温分解废弃稀土抛光粉工艺研究

采用浓硫酸低温分解回收废弃稀土抛光粉,考察了硫酸用量、分解温度和反应时间对分解效果的影响,结果显示,较佳实验条件下,稀土收率可达95%以上。通过热重-差热与红外光谱联用技术实时在线监测技术,表明分解过程分为2个阶段,分别在270℃和300℃温度范围附近,稀土氧化物和稀土氟氧化物与硫酸发生反应。     

废旧天然胶胶粉应用研究

以80目的废天然胶胶粉为研究对象,处理后将其分别以20%,30%的比例添加到天然混炼胶(NR)中,制备废胶粉/NR共混硫化胶;同时,通过邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)和高芳烃油对胶粉进行处理改性,制备了全胶粉弹性体。拉伸强度测试表明,对于共混胶弹性体,NR混炼胶空白样的拉伸强度为19.21 MPa,添加20%,30%比例的胶粉/NR共混硫化胶的拉伸强度可以分别达到18.03 MPa,17.23 MPa;改性后制备的全胶粉混炼胶硫化样品拉伸强度达到8.12 MPa,超过了再生胶的国标标准。同时应用扫描电子显微镜SEM分析、比较了各试样断裂面的微观结构,应用比表面仪BET和SEM表征了胶粉的表面形貌与结构,发现胶粉表面呈现"绒球"状,具有较好的表面性能。     

我国废橡胶粉用于沥青改性的研究及应用

从道路建设与防水卷材制造两方面,描述了我国废橡胶粉在沥青改性用途中的研究及应用现状。大量国内试验及应用实例表明,与普通石油沥青相比,胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度、软化点、温度敏感性、稳定性和抗老化性等性能均得到了改善。此外,较之其他种类的沥青改性剂,废橡胶粉成本低,具有环保与资源节约的优点,对我国循环经济的发展具有重要意义。     

Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities

Responses of Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd toxicities were assessed by a seed-suspending seedbed(SSS) approach. The results showed that the SSS approach was suitable for testing the tolerance of a plant to the stress of toxic metals. The endpoints include seed germination success, straightened radicle and hypocotyl of the seedlings from the seeds. The measurements could be done easily and accurately. It was found that the elongation of radicle was the most sensitive indicator to the stress of heavy metals among the endpoints. When exposure to lower or medium concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd, the development of the lateral roots were favorable. Species of S. rostrata was more tolerant than S. cannabina to the heavy metals, especially to Zn and Cd. The ED50 of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd were 32.90, .5.32, 4.40 and 12.00 μg/ml for S. rostrata,respectively, and they were 30.11, 2.87, 4.0.5 and 4.94 μg/ml respectively for S. cannabina.