中东部地区湿地现状评价与影响分析

在野外调查和资料收集的基础上,利用2000和1988年遥感数据,对我国中东部地区的湿地环境进行评价,结果表明:我国中东部地区湿地类型多,面积大,但分布不均;人工围垦、农业生产活动和水利工程建设是导致中东部地区湿地破坏的主要原因;由于湿地面积缩小,导致湿地功能下降,湿地生物多样性降低,区域洪涝灾害频繁发生.      

垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞微观概念模型的提出

根据垂直潜流人工湿地发生堵塞的成因主要是基质层中不可滤物质积累的结论,在分析垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞物形态及成分粒径的基础上,首次提出了基质间不可滤物质积累微观概念模型的假设;并根据微观概念模型,在考虑生物膜、无机物积累等动态变化因素条件下提出基质间完全堵塞所需时间、基质表面发生雍水所需时间及基质渗透系数随时间变化的关系.     

Soft intervention technology as a tool for integrated coastal zone management

After introducing soft defence techniques as an alternative to hard defence techniques, the need is emphasized to consider the coastal area as an integral system. By recalling the main driving factors for coastal management: conflict resolution, resilience and sustainability, we logically arrive at the concepts of ecological engineering and ecotechnology, which are increasingly acknowledged as possible solutions to achieve sustainable use of coastal space as a resource. In this context, we refer to the principles of self design and of ecosystem conservation. In order to deal with real situations we are in need of fundamental ‘tools’ for the application of the soft intervention technology approach. We therefore introduce the concept of physiographic units and develop an initial elaboration for a coastal stretch and for coastal wetlands. The latter deserve more attention because of the already established practices of ecotechnology, at least as far as water and soil quality are concerned, but certainly also concerning morphology, especially in the future. We conclude by briefly discussing how activities undertaken in two research projects currently being conducted under the framework of the Marine Science and Technology Program of the Commission of the European Communities are expected to contribute to the concepts introduced here.     

Sulphur transformation and deposition in the rhizosphere of Juncus effusus in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland

Sulphur cycling and its correlation to removal processes under dynamic redox conditions in the rhizosphere of helophytes in treatment wetlands are poorly understood. Therefore, long-term experiments were performed in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands treating artificial domestic wastewater in order to investigate the dynamics of sulphur compounds, the responses of plants and nitrifying microorganisms under carbon surplus conditions, and the generation of methane. For carbon surplus conditions (carbon:sulphate of 2.8:1) sulphate reduction happened but was repressed, in contrast to unplanted filters mentioned in literature. Doubling the carbon load caused stable and efficient sulphate reduction, rising of pH, increasing enrichment of S(2-) and S(0) in pore water, and finally plant death and inhibition of nitrification by sulphide toxicity. The data show a clear correlation of the occurrence of reduced S-species with decreasing C and N removal performance and plant viability in the experimental constructed wetlands.     

城市湿地公园建设中的若干问题探讨

本文主要围绕城市湿地公园建设中的定位、自然化、生态修复、危害物种防治四方面进行探讨,以期对城市湿地公园的建设和管理起到一定的指导作用。     

全域旅游视角下的扎龙湿地自然保护区生态旅游发展研究

扎龙湿地作为国家级自然保护区,旅游资源丰富,具有发展生态旅游的物质基础.以全域旅游作为视角,通过营造全域旅游发展格局、整合湿地旅游资源、降低生态负面损失以及打造生态旅游新品牌等方面,分析扎龙湿地自然保护区的旅游环境,针对生态旅游提出发展思路.     

湿地生态系统累积影响评价研究

定量分析湿地生态系统的累积环境影响,确定所要评价的功能,然后定量分析影响该功能的各种累积方式,将湿地生态系统的累积方式分为四种方式进行描述,对各种干扰活动的相互关系予以定性并进行量化,探讨湿地生态系统累积影响评价的步骤,有助于湿地生态系统CEA方法体系的建立与完善.     

根据土壤蓄水能力探讨若尔盖重要生态服务功能区的水源涵养功能

若尔盖水源涵养重要生态服务功能区是全国50个重要生态服务功能区域之一,具有极重要的水源涵养生态服务功能。该区涵盖四川省境内的黄河流域区,面积约1.6×104km2,区内分布有涵水能力极强的沼泽土和泥炭土,对调节黄河径流时空分布具有非常重要的作用。本文利用地理信息系统技术,用土壤饱和蓄水量指标评价了本区的水源涵养生态服务...     

农村混合生活污水排放特征及其处理工艺研究

针对农村生活污水污染问题已成为影响我国农村水环境的主要因素以及目前黑灰分离收集处理与现状不相符合,本文对崇明县某村的污水排放特征以及水量水质进行调研,并对硝化预处理系统结合人工湿地反硝化以及脱氮预处理结合人工湿地深度处理两种运行模式进行了深入探讨并分析了其去除机理,结果显示,硝化预处理系统结合人工湿地反硝化由于后续反硝化需要投加大量碳源从经济管理方面而言变得不可行;脱氮预处理结合人工湿地深度处理在预处理系统以进水3h、曝气2h、沉淀0.5h、排水0.5h、气水比40∶1的模式运行、人工湿地水力停留时间为48h条件下出水可满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的二级要求,且因氨氮指标的降低大幅缩短了人工湿地的水力停留时间而减小占地面积。     

盘锦温地保护、恢复与永续利用研究

随着盘锦地区经济的发展和人口的增加,盘锦湿地出现不同程度的退化,主要表现在湿地淡水的短缺,植被的退化;湿地面积减少和湿地受到污染;人类对湿地认识不足,出现人与鸟争食等现象。为了更好地保护湿地,以保持湿地生态系统的完整性、连续性、生物多样性、生态功能性、永续利用性和景区特色性为理念,对盘锦湿地进行保护与规划。