潜流人工湿地去除大庆地区湖泊水体中石油类化合物的研究

针对大庆地区石油类化合物污染湖泊水质特点和气候条件,采用包含砾石床、砾石芦苇床、炉渣芦苇床和炉渣床单元的现场试验系统,考察启动期、投加微生物、投加缓释碳源、水温低于5℃和常规运行期等工况下各单元对石油类化合物的去除效果及其去除机理.在整个试验期内4个单元石油类化合物的平均去除率分别为24.7％、28.4％、45.9％和42.9％;投加微生物和缓释碳源都可提高石油类化合物污染物的去除效果;以炉渣为填料的单元污染物去除效果显著优于以砾石为填料的单元.2005年常规运行期间,湿地床和对照床石油类化合物去除率存在显著性差异（p<0.05）,植物对石油类化合物的去除起到显著的促进作用.系统运行期内通过截留去除的石油类化合物占总去除量70％左右,各单元该比例没有显著性差异（p<0.05）.     

利用人工湿地系统深度处理城市污水尾水

利用垂直复合流模拟人工湿地系统对城市污水厂尾水进行深度处理实验研究,植物床选用美人蕉、菖蒲、茭草、芋头和象草混合栽种,采用石英砂为主体填料。实验研究表明:人工湿地系统在停留时间为24h,水力负荷为0.4m3(m2·d)的运行条件处理效果较佳,在此条件下连续稳定运行10个月,处理后的尾水主要指标达到(GBT189212002)标准。     

人工湿地处理污染河水的持续性运行研究

中国北方地区城市纳污河道内的污染河水具有水量、水质、水温季节性变化大的特点,这给人工湿地污染河水处理系统的持续性运行造成很大困难.通过1a多的连续性运行,对潜流人工湿地污染河水处理系统的可持续运行问题进行了系统研究,年平均水力负荷为15 cm/d.结果表明,季节变化对氨氮的去除效果影响很大,夏季氨氮去除效果良好,去除率达70%以上,而冬季水温降低到15℃以下时,氨氮去除率降低到30%以下,但季节变化对COD去除效果的影响较小.人工湿地在夏季雨季时期可以承受较大的短期洪水水力冲击负荷,在100 cm/d的负     

哈尔滨松北区城市湿地土壤抗侵蚀效益价值估算

城市湿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,在土壤抗侵蚀方面起重要作用.以哈尔滨松北区城市湿地为研究对象,在哈尔滨松北区湿地的西区、中区及东区沿线共布设采样点3个.哈尔滨松北区城市湿地土壤抗侵蚀效益价值通过湿地减少土地废弃、河道淤积和土壤中肥力流失三方面的价值来估算.结果表明:哈尔滨市松北区城市湿地保护土壤、减少土壤侵蚀的总效益价值为1.900×107元/a;湿地土壤在抗侵蚀效益中的贡献率占总效益的1/5,其效益价值为3.800×106元/a.      

Enhancing treatment efficiency of swine wastewater by effluent recirculation in vertical-flow constructed wetland

Introduction Livestock w astew ater contains highly concen- trated pollutants, including suspended solids (SS), organics, nutrients and bacteria. In C hina, w astew ater generated by concentrated farm s is com m only stored in anaerobic lagoons and partia…     

中国南中国海海岸湿地退化现状和保护对策

南中国海湿地包括广东省、香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、广西壮族自治区和海南省等五个行政区,总面积为15 393.75 km2。由于受人口增加和经济发展的巨大压力,中国南中国海湿地破坏严重,退化趋势明显。本文在对中国南中国海地区海岸湿地的现状、类型及湿地退化的主要原因进行分析的基础上,提出中国南中国海地区海岸湿地资源保护与管理的建议,以便切实保护中国南中国海沿海多样化的湿地类型,持续发挥其生态服务功能。     

安徽省升金湖湿地土壤有机碳储存及分布

文章研究了安徽省升金湖湿地土壤有机碳储存和分布特征及其与土壤氮素的关系。结果表明,供试湿地土壤全土1m深有机碳密度达10.82±1.90kg.m-2,表层土壤(0—30cm)有机碳密度为5.19±0.68kg.m-2,高于报道的人工湿地——水稻土的碳密度;有机碳(SOC)含量分布随土壤深度(H)的递降符合幂函数方程,湿地土壤有机碳的表层积累强度和积累深度高于稻田;湿地土壤氮素是土壤固碳的有利因子,其氮素对土壤有机碳积累的效应高于水稻土;因湖泊沉积受河流动力学、土壤水分和植物生长条件的影响,湿地土壤有机碳含量存在显著的水平空间变异性。看来,长江中下游淡水湿地在陆地生态系统碳氮储存上具有重要意义。     

Backwater Confluences of the Ohio River: Organic and Inorganic Fingerprints Explain Sediment Dynamics in Wetlands and Marinas

In the Ohio River (OR), backwater confluence sedimentation dynamics are understudied, however, these river features are expected to be influential on the system’s ecological and economic function when integrated along the river’s length. In the following paper, we test the efficacy of organic and inorganic tracers for sediment fingerprinting in backwater confluences; we use fingerprinting results to evidence sediment dynamics controlling deposition patterns in confluences used for wetland and marina functions; and we quantify the spatial extent of tributary drainages with wetland and marina features in OR confluences. Both organic and inorganic tracers statistically differentiate sediment from stream and river end‐members. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes produce greater uncertainty in fingerprinting results than inorganic elemental tracers. Uncertainty analysis of the nonconservative tracer term in the organic matter fingerprinting application estimates an apparent enrichment of the carbon stable isotopes during instream residence, and the nonconservativeness is quantified with a statistical approach unique to the fingerprinting literature. Wetland and marina features in OR confluences impact 42% and 11% of tributary drainage areas, respectively. Sediment dynamics show wetland and marina confluences experience deposition from river backwaters with longitudinally linear and nonlinear patterns, respectively, from sediment sources.     

Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm

• Fe(III) accepted the most electrons from organics, followed by NO₃^‒, SO₄^2‒, and O₂. • The electrons accepted by SO₄^2‒ could be stored in the solid AVS, FeS₂-S, and S⁰. • The autotrophic denitrification driven by solid S had two-phase characteristics. • A conceptual model involving electron acceptance, storage, and donation was built. • S cycle transferred electrons between organics and NO₃^‒ with an efficiency of 15%. A constructed wetland microcosm was employed to investigate the sulfur cycle-mediated electron transfer between carbon and nitrate. Sulfate accepted electrons from organics at the average rate of 0.84 mol/(m³·d) through sulfate reduction, which accounted for 20.0% of the electron input rate. The remainder of the electrons derived from organics were accepted by dissolved oxygen (2.6%), nitrate (26.8%), and iron(III) (39.9%). The sulfide produced from sulfate reduction was transformed into acid-volatile sulfide, pyrite, and elemental sulfur, which were deposited in the substratum, storing electrons in the microcosm at the average rate of 0.52 mol/(m³·d). In the presence of nitrate, the acid-volatile and elemental sulfur were oxidized to sulfate, donating electrons at the average rate of 0.14 mol/(m³·d) and driving autotrophic denitrification at the average rate of 0.30 g N/(m³·d). The overall electron transfer efficiency of the sulfur cycle for autotrophic denitrification was 15.3%. A mass balance assessment indicated that approximately 50% of the input sulfur was discharged from the microcosm, and the remainder was removed through deposition (49%) and plant uptake (1%). Dominant sulfate-reducing (i.e., Desulfovirga, Desulforhopalus, Desulfatitalea, and Desulfatirhabdium) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (i.e., Thiohalobacter, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, and Sulfurisoma), which jointly fulfilled a sustainable sulfur cycle, were identified. These results improved understanding of electron transfers among carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles in constructed wetlands, and are of engineering significance.     

人工湿地系统微生物去除污染物的研究进展

人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点,近年来越来越受到人们的重视。人工湿地是利用介质、植物和微生物构成的复合系统来处理污水。微生物在人工湿地系统净化污水过程中发挥着重要作用。介绍了人工湿地系统中微生物去除污染物的研究进展,重点讨论了人工湿地对污染物和特殊有机污染物的去除以及系统基质中微生物的种群和活性等内容,并结合我国研究现状展望了该领域的研究前景。人工湿地系统微生物对污染物去除将成为人工湿地生态系统服务功能评价、人工湿地生态系统健康与稳定的诊断的重要组成部分。