内蒙古河套灌区春小麦苗期生态系统CO2通量变化研究

在内蒙古河套灌区用连续自动采样箱的方法对不同施肥方式下的春小麦生态系统CO2净交换(NEE)进行观测,发现苗期(出苗-拔节期)春小麦生态系统主要是一个CO2净交换逐渐增大,固定碳逐渐增加的过程.在速效肥条件下,春小麦生态系统苗期CO2净交换的变化为-390.20～901.25 mg·m-2·d-1,日呼吸量在-800.35～-5865.22 mg·m-2·d-1;缓释肥负荷下CO2净交换变化为-206.00～1258.36 mg·m-2·d-1,日呼吸量在-407.02～-4986.52mg·m-2·d-1."-"表示从生态系统中丢失碳.从CO2净交换中减去生态系统的呼吸速率就得到植物的光合速率.采取缓释的施肥方式可以减少苗期CO2释放.此外,用气象因子包括瞬时光合有效辐射(PAR)、空气温度和土壤温度等对光合速率和呼吸速率构建简单的模型去模拟CO2通量的变化速率.结果表明,PAR与大气温度和10cm土壤温度分别是制约苗期春小麦生态系统呼吸和光合速率的主要因素.     

Climate Change and Local Pollution Effects – An Integrated Approach

Few studies on measures for mitigation of damage caused by man-made emissions to the environment have tried to consider all major effects. We illustrate the importance of an integrated approach by estimating costs and benefits of a proposed energy saving program for Hungary, originally designed to reduce CO2 emissions. The dominant benefit of implementing the program is likely to be reduced health damage from local pollutants. Also reduced costs of material damage and to a lesser extent vegetation damage contribute to make the net benefit considerable. Compared to the reduction in these local and regional effects, the benefits from reducing greenhouse gases are likely to be minor. Since local effects in general occur much earlier after measures have been implemented than effects of increased emissions of greenhouse gases, inclusion of local effects makes evaluation of climate policy less dependent on the choice of discount rate. In our opinion, similar results are likely for many measures originally designed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases particularly in some areas in developing countries with high local pollution levels. Main uncertainties in the analysis, e.g. in the relationships between damage and pollution level, are discussed.     

应用PFU法监测印染废水净化效能的研究

应用PFU法对印染废水净化效能进行了监测。结果表明：微型生物群落的结构参数和功能参数均较好地反映了印染废水的净化效能，水体流速对群集速度有一定的影响。     

The development of fetal behavioural states: A longitudinal study

In order to evaluate the development of fetal behavioural states a longitudinal study was performed on 35 healthy fetuses during the last trimester of pregnancy. Fetal heart rate (FHR), gross fetal body movements (FM), fetal eye movements (FEM), fetal breathing movements (FBM) and micturition were simultaneously studied at two-week intervals from 28 weeks gestation onwards. Well-defined fetal behavioural states were observed only after 36 weeks gestation. Between 28 and 36 weeks the quiet-activity cycle of FHR was always detected and some fetal biophysical activites seemed to become related around this cycle.     

一种有效提高拉深成形性能的方法

提出了一种能有效减小拉深件最大厚度变薄量 ,提高拉深成形极限及拉深件质量的夹紧式拉深模具结构 ,并已用于实际生产中。叙述了该模具结构特点及其工作原理 ,对有关工艺参数的影响进行了实验研究 ,并对实验结果进行了分析。     

银膜富集法测定大气中的气态汞

探讨了用银膜富集管测定大气中气态汞的方法、影响气态汞吸收率的因素和银膜富集管的再生方法。结果表明 :银膜富集管对大气中的气态汞能有效富集。当银膜长 /管径大于 2 0 0 mm/4.5mm,流速为 0 .4L/min时 ,银膜富集管对气态汞的吸收率达 98%以上。     

适度处理污水回用于循环水系统的工业化应用

通过对镇海炼化适度处理污水回用于循环水系统工艺的介绍，提出运行中存在的问题及建议，为目前国内各炼油厂炼油污水回用提供参考和借鉴。     

Re-activation characteristics of preserved aerobic granular sludge

IntroductionThecapacityofawastewatertreatmentplantultimatelydependsupontwofeatures :themetaboliccapabilitiesofthemicroorganismsinthesystemandtheeffectivenessofsolid liquidseparationatthelaststageofthetreatmentprocess(Shwarzenbeck ,2 0 0 4 ) .Granularsludg…     

化学农药在茶树叶片上的光解速率预测

根据光化学基本理论，推导出描述均匀薄层固相农药光解速度的数学模型。依此模型，提出了固相农药在３１３ｎｍ波长处的光化学反应量子产率的测定方法。利用人工紫外光和自然光对５种农药在惰性玻璃表面和茶树叶表面的光解速率进行了研究，建立了茶树叶表上农药在自然日光下的光解速度和半衰期预测数学模型。实测表明，模型预测值与实测值吻合。     

Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis: 5 years' experience at a University Centre

The fetal loss rates and fetal congenital birth defects in 821 transabdominal (TA) chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and 771 amniocentesis (AC) cases were evaluated from a 5-year period (1987–1991) at the University Central Hospital of Turku. The parents were given the option of choosing between the two sampling procedures. CVS was performed, in most cases, at 11 weeks of gestation; and AC, at 15 weeks. The rate of total post-procedure loss was 6·7 per cent in the CVS group and 4·4 per cent in the AC group (p=0·08). The rate of spontaneous abortions was 1·9 per cent in the CVS group and 1·0 per cent in the AC group (p=0·10). The number of birth defects was low in both study groups. No limb reduction cases were observed. Mosaicism was noted in 14 CVS cases and in five AC cases. We conclude that TA-CVS is a safe and practical alternative to AC in prenatal fetal karyotyping.