首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   3879篇
  免费   2893篇
  国内免费   420篇
安全科学   97篇
废物处理   170篇
环保管理   266篇
综合类   4144篇
基础理论   1122篇
污染及防治   1007篇
评价与监测   315篇
社会与环境   66篇
灾害及防治   5篇
  2025年   76篇
  2024年   218篇
  2023年   257篇
  2022年   343篇
  2021年   326篇
  2020年   297篇
  2019年   299篇
  2018年   305篇
  2017年   280篇
  2016年   360篇
  2015年   293篇
  2014年   282篇
  2013年   454篇
  2012年   355篇
  2011年   390篇
  2010年   286篇
  2009年   268篇
  2008年   243篇
  2007年   276篇
  2006年   254篇
  2005年   190篇
  2004年   160篇
  2003年   203篇
  2002年   147篇
  2001年   129篇
  2000年   96篇
  1999年   85篇
  1998年   61篇
  1997年   56篇
  1996年   50篇
  1995年   38篇
  1994年   36篇
  1993年   25篇
  1992年   17篇
  1991年   12篇
  1990年   2篇
  1989年   6篇
  1988年   3篇
  1987年   5篇
  1986年   2篇
  1985年   2篇
  1984年   2篇
  1981年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
  1972年   1篇
排序方式: 共有7192条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Stream water samples were collected over a range of hydrologic and seasonal conditions at three forested watersheds in the northeastern USA. Samples were analyzed for dissolved total mercury (THgd), DOC concentration and DOC composition, and UV254 absorbance across the three sites over different seasons and flow conditions. Pooling data from all sites, we found a strong positive correlation of THgd to DOC (r2 = 0.87), but progressively stronger correlations of THgd with the hydrophobic acid fraction (HPOA) of DOC (r2 = 0.91) and with UV254 absorbance (r2 = 0.92). The strength of the UV254 absorbance-THgd relationship suggests that optical properties associated with dissolved organic matter may be excellent proxies for THgd concentration in these streams. Ease of sample collection and analysis, the potential application of in-situ optical sensors, and the possibility for intensive monitoring over the hydrograph make this an effective, inexpensive approach to estimate THgd flux in drainage waters.  相似文献   
82.
卤代烃是在有机物分子中的碳原子上,用卤素基团取代出氢的卤化产物,这个变化使有机物的生物毒性增大,这是卤素有机态毒性的体现;另一方面,卤代烃在生物水解或降解过程中,又会重新释放出带正电荷的卤素,与水结合后成为次卤酸而具有无机态卤素的生物毒性。作者在提出这种卤代烃生物毒性学说的基础上,提出了一系列在含卤代烃废水预处理与生物处理中的解毒、降毒、抗毒和减荷及提高可生化性的措施,以提高含卤代烃废水的综合处理效率。  相似文献   
83.
建立潜流湿地有机污染物迁移转化模型,采用多孔介质模型描述潜流湿地的水力特性,并引入Monod方程相耦合,实现对湿地系统内部流场及水质浓度的同时模拟。通过实验,校核模型参数,并验证模型。结果表明,该模型能较好模拟潜流湿地中有机污染物的去除效果;计算条件下,在不同基质填料的潜流湿地中都会出现滞水区和快速通道,影响水力效率与污染物去除效果;预测了不同填料系统中7种典型选控性有机污染物的去除效果,其处理效率:苯胺苯酚二甲苯甲苯苯硝基苯氯苯,可通过优选填料提高吸附量和延长停留时间来提高选控性有机物的处理效果。  相似文献   
84.
为更好地管控和治理绍兴市柯桥区工业园区的挥发性有机物(VOCs),利用柯桥区现有的两工业园区VOCs监测站点(园区1站、园区2站)2019年3月至2020年2月的监测数据分析柯桥区工业园区VOCs污染特征并进行溯源.结果表明:园区1站每月VOCs质量浓度平均值为125μg/m3,园区2站为137μg/m3,都呈现出3月...  相似文献   
85.
  总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
Current approaches to modelling the fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment have evolved in response to four dominant characteristics of these substances; namely: (1) the presence of POPs in virtually all environmental phases and the ease with which they move from one to the other requires multi-compartmental modelling. Describing transport across phase boundaries becomes as, or even more, important as quantifying transport within the phases; (2) POPs may persist in the environment for many decades. For chemicals that 'have time', concepts such as equilibrium partitioning and steady-state become more important than for short-lived substances whose fate is more controlled by the rates of transformation; (3) measuring POPs is difficult and expensive and observed concentrations of POPs are not available in high spatial or temporal resolution. Consequently, high resolution tends not to be a high priority in POP models; and (4) detrimental effects of POPs often manifest themselves in top predators, which has led to a focus on modelling biotic uptake and transfer within food chains. The task of building a POPs model is viewed as combining the four 'building blocks' of partitioning, transport, transformation and source data with the help of the law of the conservation of mass. Process models, evaluative models, models of real local, regional and global fate, as well as biological uptake models are presented and references to numerous examples are provided. An attempt is made to forecast future directions in the field of POPs modelling. It is expected that modelling techniques that do not rely on quantitative emission estimates as well as approaches that take into account spatial, temporal and climatic variability as well as parameter uncertainty will increase in importance. Finally, the relationship between modelling POPs and models of other pollutant issues is addressed, as are potential interactions between POPs and pollutant issues such as eutrophication, acidification and global climate change.  相似文献   
86.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Large-scale forestry operations, like clear-cutting, may impair surface water quality if not done with environmental considerations in mind. Catchment and country level estimates of nutrient loads from forestry are generally based on specific export values, i.e., changes in annual exports due to the implemented forestry operations expressed in kg ha−1. We introduce here a specific concentration approach as a method to estimate the impact of clear-cutting on nutrient concentrations and export in headwater streams. This new method is potentially a more dynamic and flexible tool to estimate nutrient loads caused by forestry, because variation in annual runoff can be taken into account in load assessments. We combined water quality data from eight boreal headwater catchment pairs located in Finland and Sweden, where the effect of clear-cutting on stream water quality has been studied experimentally. Statistically significant specific concentration values could be produced for total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate. The significant increases in the concentrations of these nutrients occurred between 2 and 6 years after clear-cutting. Significant specific concentration values could not be produced for total phosphorus and total organic carbon with the whole dataset, although in some single studies significant increases in their concentrations after clear-cutting were observed. The presented method enables taking into account variation in runoff, temporal dynamics of effects, and the proportional size of the treated area in load calculations. The number of existing studies considering large site-specific variation in responses to clear-cutting is small, and therefore further empirical studies are needed to improve predictive capabilities of the specific concentration values.  相似文献   
87.
采用臭氧-混凝沉淀法去除广西某铅锌矿选矿厂尾矿库外排废水中的有机磷。有机磷主要来源于废水中残留的巯基磷酸盐类浮选药剂苯胺黑药(二苯胺基二硫代磷酸)和丁铵黑药(二丁基二硫代磷酸铵)。实验研究表明:废水中磷的存在形式90%以上为有机磷,钙盐、铁盐和铝盐无法通过混凝沉淀将有机磷去除。研究了臭氧氧化时有机磷转化为无机磷的规律,臭氧氧化可将大部分有机磷转化为无机磷。转化后的无机磷可通过硫酸铝和PAM混凝沉淀去除,尾矿库外排废水中总磷(TP)浓度由1.4~1.7下降至0.2~0.4 mg·L-1,明显低于《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB 25466-2010)中的≤1.0 mg·L-1的要求。  相似文献   
88.
从页岩气采出水中有效回收锂(Li+)资源可实现降本增效的目的。本研究利用化学沉淀法和沉析法分别制备了铝基吸附剂粉体和颗粒,研究了吸附剂材料对页岩气采出水中Li+的吸附行为,剖析了页岩气采出水中溶解性有机物对吸附剂吸附行为的影响。结果表明,粉体吸附剂的饱和吸附容量达到7.0 mg·g−1,颗粒吸附剂的饱和吸附容量为3.8 mg·g−1,其吸附动力学符合准一级吸附动力学模型,对不同水质的页岩气采出水均有吸附效果;然而,颗粒吸附剂在不含溶解性有机物的模拟页岩气采出水中的饱和吸附容量为5.0 mg·g−1。在固定床吸附实验中,颗粒吸附剂能回收废水中93.5%的Li+,但是模拟页岩气采出水组的解吸液中Li+的质量浓度为96.2 mg·L−1高于实际页岩气采出水组(58.8 mg·L−1)。因此,实际页岩气采出水中的有机物会严重抑制铝基吸附剂的吸附和解吸行为。  相似文献   
89.
当前水环境污染扩散研究一般基于普通数值模型模拟,忽略了水污染扩散微观驱动力的影响。为能更真实地反映其动态扩散过程,针对水域总有机碳(TOC)扩散机理,基于CA和MAS技术,将影响TOC扩散的自然和社会经济因素抽象为微观的水流Agent、风速Agent、径流量Agent、污水排放口Agent、人工管理Agent以及农业生产地Agent,将研究水域抽象为CA元胞空间,建立了CA-MAS水域总有机碳扩散模型,对水域总有机碳的动态演化过程进行模拟,并以武汉理工大学鉴湖水域作为实验区域,借助NetLogo仿真平台完成了模型的实现与验证。模拟结果表明,该模型基本能够反映水体总有机碳的扩散规律,可以为水环境污染控制提供参考。  相似文献   
90.
本文从环糊精对有机污染物的增溶作用:环糊精用于环境中有机污染物的富集和去除;环糊精对有机污染物降解过程的影响;环糊精衍生物去除土壤中的重金属;环糊精对污染物生物活性的影响等几个方面讨论了环糊精在环境科学方面的应用。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号