原子吸收光谱法测定废气中的锡

以HNO3和H2SO4进行消解，用火焰原子吸收光度法测定废气固定源中的锡，用石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定废气散源中的锡，方法的准确度达到满意结果。     

地表水中甲醛的光谱吸收曲线-线性拟合斜率-乙酰丙酮分光光度法检测

光谱吸收曲线-线性拟合斜率-分光光度法(SAC-LFS-S)用于检测地表水中甲醛尚存准确度不足问题,通过筛选合适的参比波长段,使SAC-LFS-S法准确度进一步提高。以试剂空白和浊度梯度地表水样品的检测结果及方法检出限为主要筛选对象,得到425～435、420～435、420～440、415～440、415～445、410～445、415～450、410～450、455～495、410～455、405～455、450～500 nm等共12个合适的测定波长段;再选择试剂空白结果较低、批间重复性较好的450～500 nm测定波长段,筛选参比波长段(455～465、480～495、450～490 nm共3个)。结果表明:优化后SAC-LFS-S法线性范围为0. 100～3. 00 mg/L,方法检出限为0. 025～0. 033 mg/L;优化前、后方法测得部分地表水样品结果分别为有检出和未检出,回收率为73. 4%～108. 8%,后者与无亮黄色化合物产生的实验现象更吻合。经参比波长段校正的SAC-LFS-S法具有更高的准确度,非常适用于地表水中甲醛的直接测定。     

无火焰原子吸收法测定水中的银

以硝酸做介质,用石墨炉原子吸收光度法可测定自来水及环境污水中的微量银,钙,镁,铁等对银的测定有轻微干扰,其它共存元素不干扰测定,结果令人满意。     

络合-氧化-还原耦合方法脱除烟气中NOx的研究

NO与Fe2+反应生成络合物[Fe(NO)]2+易被O2氧化解络形成NO2-和NO3-离子,进而被尿素溶液还原生成N2.基于上述反应原理,本文提出脱除烟气中NOx的新方法,即以FeSO4为吸收液、O2为氧化剂、尿素为还原剂的络合-氧化-还原耦合法.考察了尿素初始浓度、吸收液pH值、NOx初始浓度、烟气流量等因素对NOx脱除率的影响.结果表明,尿素初始浓度越高、吸收液pH值越低、NOx初始浓度越大、烟气流量越小时,NOx脱除率越高;当尿素初始浓度为1.19mol/L,吸收液pH值为3.2,NOx初始浓度为1493mg/m3以及烟气流量为800mL/min时,反应初期(0~6min)NOx脱除率可达92%以上,且反应1h后脱除率仍可保持在69%左右.     

活体微藻对镉（Ⅱ）的富集机理

选取小球衣藻（Chlamydomonas microsphaera）、铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）、钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis）和四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）等4种微藻,通过室内模拟实验,对水体中的Cd2+进行吸附,并对吸附Cd2+的微藻分别采用去离子水、0.2 mol·L-1 CaCl2与研磨处理,测定Cd2+的解脱量,研究活体微藻对重金属离子的富集特征与机理。结果表明：4种活体微藻均对水体中Cd2+有较强的富集能力,在Cd2+初始浓度为10 mg·L-1、溶液pH为7.0的实验条件下,小球衣藻富集量可达76.34 mg·g-1,铜绿微囊藻、钝顶螺旋藻和四尾栅藻富集量分别为24.78、15.28 和 9.85 mg·g-1,说明微藻是良好的重金属吸附剂;4种活体微藻对Cd2+的富集特征均符合准二级动力学方程（R2>0.99）,反映出活体微藻对Cd2+的富集主要是一种化学行为;活体微藻对Cd2+的富集主要是离子交换形式的化学吸附,富集比例均在60%以上,其中小球衣藻最高,达86.51%。除化学吸附外,还包括物理吸附与生物吸收,生物吸收所占富集比例为6.75%~18.96%,而物理吸附量最少,为3.02%~14.63%。     

The impact of EDTA on lead distribution and speciation in the accumulator Sedum alfredii by synchrotron X-ray investigation

The in vivo localization and speciation of lead (Pb) in tissues of the accumulator Sedum alfredii grown in EDTA-Pb and Pb(NO₃)₂ was studied by synchrotron X-ray investigation. The presence of EDTA-Pb in solution resulted in a significant reduction of Pb accumulation in S. alfredii. Lead was preferentially localized in the vascular bundles regardless of treatments but the intensities of Pb were lower in the plants treated with EDTA. Lead was predominantly presented as a Pb-cell wall complex in the plants regardless of its supply form. However, a relatively high proportion of Pb was observed as Pb-EDTA complex when the plant was treated with EDTA-Pb, but as a mixture of Pb₃(PO₄)₂, Pb-malic, and Pb-GSH when cultured with ionic Pb. These results suggest that EDTA does not increase the internal mobility of Pb, although the soluble Pb-EDTA complex could be transported and accumulated within the plants of S. alfredii.     

羟丙基壳聚糖纳米微粒的制备及其对Ni2+的吸附研究

通过在碱性条件下将羟丙基引入到壳聚糖分子上,再利用离子凝胶法制备羟丙基壳聚糖(HCS)纳米微粒.结果表明,HCS溶液的质量浓度为0.8～2.0 mg/mL、多聚磷酸钠(TPP)的质量浓度为0.4～1.5 mg/mL时,均可以生成HCS纳米微粒.粒径分布表明,HCS纳米微粒主要粒径约为200～300 nm,粒径分布较窄....     

水中总铁两种测定方法的比较

环境监测实验室常使用不同方法进行重复检测作为检测结果质量保证的手段之一。据此对测定水中总铁的两种方法 -邻菲啰啉分光光度法和火焰原子吸收法在校准曲线和检出限、方法精密度和准确度等进行了全面比较,得出两者校准曲线相关性均较好,检出限均为0.03 mg/L,精密度RSD均小于5%,加标回收率均在90%～105%。两者的测定结果无显著性差异。     

Wild fire impact on copper, zinc, lead and cadmium distribution in soil and relation with abundance in selected plants of Lamiaceae family from Vidlic Mountain (Serbia)

Fire has been considered as an improving factor in soil quality, but only if it is controlled. Severe wild fire occurred in the summer 2007 on the Vidlic Mountain (Serbia) overspreading a huge area of meadows and forests.Main soil characteristics and content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) in different fractions obtained after sequential extraction of soil from post-fire areas and from fire non disturbed areas were studied. In four plant species of Lamiaceae family (Ajuga genevensis L., Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L., Teucrium chamaedrys L., Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench.), that grow in typical habitats of the mountain, distribution of heavy metals in aerial parts and roots was investigated too.For all samples from post-fire area cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter content are increased while rH is decreased. Fire caused slightly increased bioavailability of the observed metals but more significant rise happened in metal amounts bound to oxides and organics. The plants showed variable behavior. T. chamaedrys collected on the post-fire area contained elevated concentrations of all analyzed metals. A. alpinus showed higher phytoaccumulation for Zn and Cd, while the other two plant species for Pb and Cd in the post-fire areas.     

沉积物溶解性有机氮藻类的可利用性

采用DAX-8树脂和732氢型阳离子交换树脂将山口湖沉积物中溶解性有机氮（DON）分成亲水组分和疏水组分,在室内培养条件下,研究了其对羊角月牙藻的可利用性。结果表明：通过DAX-8树脂后,N4和N14沉积物DON回收率分别为98.96%和104.34%。原水和亲水DON组分通过阳离子交换树脂后会吸附类蛋白物质,降低藻类生物量。培养过程中,N4原水和亲水组分DON消耗量分别为0.34 mg·L-1和0.36 mg·L-1,低于N14原水和亲水组分DON消耗量0.94 mg·L-1和0.82 mg·L-1,表明N14亲水组分藻类可利用较N4亲水组分多。由于阳离子交换树脂对N4原水和亲水组中DON去除率较高,其藻类的生物量低于N14原水组和亲水组。N4疏水性组分DON的利用量和藻细胞生物量分别为0.80 mg·L-1和15×104个·mL-1,高于N14组,这是因为N4接收了长水河农场生活污水和周围农田径流中易降解DON。利用PARAFAC模型对培养过程中三维荧光光谱数据解析出1种类蛋白物质和2种类腐殖质物质。培养初期,类蛋白物质先被藻类所利用导致其含量降低,而随着藻类生长进入对数期,释放到水体中类蛋白物质导致其相对荧光强度的增加。在整个培养过程中,类腐殖质物质相对荧光强度的增加主要来源于死亡藻类的释放。