利用粉煤灰处理生活污水的试验研究

以火电厂贮灰场粉煤灰为吸附剂,以生、活污水为吸附对象,通过间歇吸附试验,分析了各因素对粉煤灰吸附性能的影响,并找出了粉煤灰对生活污水中化学耗氧物质(COD)的吸附规律。     

用活性白土为吸附剂处理含铬电镀废水的初步实验

论述了用活性白土为吸附剂,处理含铬电镀废水的最佳吸附条件：吸附剂的用量、吸附时间以及试液pH值对铬去除率的影响。做出了吸附等温线,并且对其吸附机理作了初步的探讨。另外指出了需进一步研究的问题。     

南海区平台石油的特征荧光光谱分析

通过对南海区平台石油进行普通荧光光谱、同步扫描荧光光谱、导数荧光技术和三维荧光技术扫描,立体地了解各原 油样品荧光光谱特征,为科学鉴别濒发的海上溢油来源提供科学的依据。实验中综合分析了6个平台原油样品,并与标准原油 进行光谱对比,找出了这些样品的光谱数字化特征。     

Influence of osmotic distillation on membrane absorption for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater

Osmotic distillation (OD) was found to be a coupled process in membrane absorption (MA) for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. As a result, ammonia could not be concentrated in absorption solution(AS) as expected. The inhibition of the coupled OD in MA process was investigated as well as various factors affecting the inhibition. The results indicated that the coupled OD can be effectively inhibited by heating concentrated solution and cooling dilute solution. It was also found that experimental minimum inhibition temperature difference(MITD) between concentrated and dilute solutions was different when using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and polypropylene(PP) membranes respectively, which could be ascribed to material properties, such as OD and membrane distillation (MD) coefficients of the membranes. Experimental MITDs were found to be higher than theoretical MITDs which were calculated using a simplified method.     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定地表水中硒的研究

研究了石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定地表水中硒过程中灰化电流的选择和加入基体改进剂减少干扰并提高灵敏度的方法。     

蜂窝夹层结构及其在直升机噪声控制上的应用

介绍了传统蜂窝夹层结构,它是由蜂窝芯材耦合面板/薄膜组合而成,具有优异的降噪特性。为进一步提升蜂窝夹层结构的降噪性能,结合多孔吸声原理及“吸/隔声结构功能一体化”概念,将多孔吸声材料填充至蜂窝芯中,形成了基于多孔吸声的蜂窝夹层结构,但中、低频降噪性能较差。结合微穿孔板、亥姆霍兹共振理论,开发了基于共振吸声的单自由度蜂窝夹层结构,由蜂窝芯材耦合穿孔面板/薄膜组合而成,提升了中、低频降噪特性,但是依旧存在降噪频带过窄的问题,只能在某段特定频率范围内表现出良好的降噪特性。为此,研发了基于共振吸声的多自由度蜂窝夹层结构,利用各层穿孔面板/薄膜和蜂窝结构特性,实现了不同频率噪声控制。最后总结了蜂窝夹层结构在国内外直升机被动噪声控制上的应用情况,展望了新型蜂窝夹层结构的发展趋势。     

机体细胞镉摄入离子转运通道研究进展

镉是人体非必需金属离子,长期镉暴露易引发镉中毒。机体内没有负责镉转运的特定载体,镉可通过必需金属离子转运载体进入机体细胞。机体内能够转运镉的载体有多种,主要包括铁的转运载体二价金属离子转运蛋白1(DMT1)、钙离子通道(电压门控钙通道(VGCC)、瞬时感受器电位(TRP)和钙库调控的钙通道(SOC))以及锌铁调控蛋白ZIP家族中的ZIP8和ZIP14等,且不同的机体细胞镉吸收所需转运载体不同。转运载体对镉离子的转运符合米氏方程,不同载体调节镉吸收的米氏常数Km值不同。机体细胞镉的吸收是个复杂的过程,通常存在着多种转运载体的交互作用,机体细胞可根据环境变化而选择镉的转运载体。对镉的生理毒性,以及细胞镉吸收常用的转运载体类型加以阐述,并分析了不同机体细胞镉吸收的可能转运载体,以期为后续探究机体细胞镉吸收具体分子机制提供理论指导。     

A photolysis coefficient for characterizing the response of aqueous constituents to photolysis

UV photolysis and UV based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are gaining more and more attention for drinking water treatment. Quantum yield (ø) and molar absorption coefficient (ε) are the two critical parameters measuring the effectiveness of photolysis of a compound. The product of the two was proposed as a fundamental measure of a constituent’s amenability to transformation by photolysis. It was shown that this product, named the photolysis coefficient, k _p , can be determined using standard bench tests and captures the properties that govern a constituent’s transformation when exposed to light. The development showed the photolysis coefficient to be equally useful for microbiological, inorganic and organic constituents. Values of k _p calculated by the authors based on quantum yield and molar absorption coefficient data from the literature were summarized. Photolysis coefficients among microorganisms ranged from 8500 to more than 600000 and are far higher than for inorganic and organic compounds, which varied over a range of approximately 10 to 1000 and are much less sensitive to UV photolysis than the microorganisms.     

水泥窑共处置过程中水泥生料对Pb与Cd的吸附/冷凝特性

为了研究水泥窑共处置过程中水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附/冷凝特性,采用氮吸附仪和SEM(场发射扫描电镜)对水泥生料的基本物理性质(比表面积、孔径和微观表面积)进行研究;同时,利用小型试验装置对重金属Pb、Cd的氧化物(PbO、CdO)展开了吸附/冷凝研究. 结果表明:水泥生料的比表面积(2.49 m2/g)较小,微观表面结构致密无孔,因此,在水泥窑共处置过程中水泥生料对重金属的吸附/冷凝作用以冷凝为主. 进入控温立式炉的重金属可分为三部分:①冷凝在管壁上,其中Pb、Cd分别占各自入炉总量的67%～72%、58%～65%;②吸附/冷凝在水泥生料上,其中Pb、Cd分别占各自入炉总量的13%～17%、16%～21%;③随烟气释放到空气中,其中Pb、Cd分别占各自入炉总量的10%～18%、14%～26%. 水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附/冷凝特性均可用双常数方程拟合,线性拟合的相关系数均在0.95以上. 动力学方程拟合得到水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附/冷凝活化能,二者分别为5.827、6.050 kJ/mol,由此可预测水泥生料对Pb和Cd的吸附/冷凝量.