Accumulation of metals by vegetation in a small drainage area exposed to aerotechnogenic pollution

Trends in the accumulation of metals by different plant species have been analyzed in a forest phytocenosis of the southern taiga zone of the Middle Urals, which is polluted by emissions from a copper-smelting plant. The rate of metal accumulation in the course of annual and net phytomass production and metal outflow with surface waters beyond the biogeocenosis boundaries have been estimated.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 1, 2005, pp. 26–31.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Fedorova, Odintseva.     

Characterization of fulvic acids during olive mill waste composting (Elemental, Thermal and fluorescence analyses)

Elemental analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to the study of fulvic acids isolated from different stages during olive mill waste composting. The fulvic extracted acids are characterized by a high nitrogen content and O/C ratio values that may result from the high degree of humification and the synthesis of more condensed humic complexes. This was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy in the synchronous-scan mode by the decrease of shoulder intensities at intermediate wavelengths indicating the increase of polycondensation and conjugation of unsaturated structures and the greater uniformity of fluorophores. Fluorescence spectra in the emission, excitation and synchronous modes became simpler with compost maturation. This was confirmed by DSC results which proved the high degree of polycondensation of aromatic nuclei of fulvic acid molecules during olive mill waste composting.     

用全热解石墨管和混合基体改进剂测定环境样品中锶

本文使用含锶空白纸、灵敏度高、记忆效应小的全热解石墨管测定环境样中的锶，提出一种新混合改进剂（钯加酒石酸），能有效消除高氯酸、硝酸以及各种基体的干扰，比较了各原子化温度时理论和实验特征量，使全热解石墨管有可能用于石墨炉原子吸收法测定各种环境样品中的锶，准确度和精度优于５％。     

对流云云中酸化的数值模拟——Ⅰ.模式建立和初步结果

发展了一维半、时变、微物理过程参数化处理的对流云云雨酸化的物理-化学模式,较为全面地考虑了污染气体向液水的质量传输过程以及液相化学反应动力学过程.通过初步模拟发现,垂直上升气流会很快把低层高浓度SO_τ气体输送到云的上层,从而使酸化过程得到加强;云滴与雨滴微物理结构的不同,对污染气体的吸收影响很大,小的云滴比雨滴更易酸化,云、雨水对污染气体的吸收和云、雨水的比含水量有关.因对流云云内外交换强烈,液水吸收掉的污染气体量相对于环境场而言是很小的.     

玻璃建材厂含氟废气处理工程实践

采用旋流板塔处理含氟废气，氟化物平均浓度从１０８５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３降至７５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３，二氧化硫从７９５５ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３降至１２６３ｍｇ／Ｎｍ３，平均去除率氟化物为９３％，二氧化硫８４１％     

原子吸收测锰时硅的干扰及消除

用原子吸收空气－－乙炔炎焰法测定锰时，硅会对其产生严重干扰，若等量加入２５ｍｇ／Ｌ钡或１００ｍｇ／Ｌ镧则足以消除这一干扰作用，尤其是加入后者，可获得较真实的测值。     

深圳福田红树林对重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 的吸收、累积与循环

研究了污水处理下红树林对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd4种重金属元素的吸收、累积、分布和循环。结果表明 ,林地表层土壤 4种元素的储量关系为Zn >Pb >Cu >Cd ;对土壤中 4种重金属富集能力的大小依次为桐花树 >秋茄 >白骨壤。该群落中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的现存累积量分别为 1 41 796、 4 55 967、1 2 2 0 2 2 4和 9 4 93mg/m2 ;年吸收量分别为 1 8 98、 1 6 4 3、 89 1 9和 0 39mg/m2 ;年归还量分别为 1 4 64、7 2 6、 59 2 9和 0 1 6mg/m2 ;年存留量分别为 4 33、 9 1 7、 2 9 2 0和 0 2 3mg/m2 ;周转期分别为 1 0、 63、 2 1和 58年。     

灰化-火焰原子吸收法测定人发中的金属元素

讨论了人发中元素测定的前处理条件，并采用灰化－火焰原子吸收法测定了人发中锌，铜，铁，钙和镁５种金属元素的含量。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中金属镍消解方法的改进

探讨一种快捷有效的土壤样品消解方法，即采用王水-过氧化氢体系消化土壤样品。该法操作简便，减少了耗酸量与操作时间。测定结果精密度高，准确性好。     

Calculation method of quantum efficiency to TiO2 nanocrystal photocatalysis reaction

The quantum yield is an important factor to evaluate the efficiency of photoreactor.This article vires an overall calculation method of the quantum efficiency(Φ) and the apparent quantum efficiency(Φa) to the TiO2/UV photocatalysis system.Furthermore,for the immobility system(IS),the formulation of the faction of light absorbed by the TiO2 thin film is proposed so as to calculate the quantum efficiency by using the measured value and theoretic calculated value of transmissivity(T).For the suspension system(SS),due to the difficulty to obtain the adsorption coefficient(α) of TiO2 particulates,the quantum efficiency is calculated by means of the relative photonic efficiency(ζr)and the standard quantum yield(Φstandard).