Sorption mechanisms of cephapirin, a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz and feldspar minerals as detected by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate sorption mechanisms of cephapirin (CHP), a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz (SiO₂) and feldspar (KAlSi₃O₈) at different pH. Sorption occurs by electrostatic attraction, monodentate and bidentate complexation. The zwitterion (CHP^o) adsorbs to a quartz⁽⁺⁾ surface by electrostatic attraction of the carboxylate anion group (-COO⁻) at low pH, but adsorbs to a quartz⁽⁻⁾ surface through electrostatic attraction of the pyridinium cation, and possibly COO⁻ bridge complexes, at higher pH. CHP⁻ bonds to quartz⁽⁻⁾ surfaces by bidentate complexation between one oxygen of -COO⁻ and oxygen from carbonyl of an acetoxymethyl group. On a feldspar^(+/−) surface, CHP^o forms monodentate complexes between CO, and possible -COO⁻ bridges and/or electrostatic attachments to localized edge (hydr)oxy-Al surfaces. CHP⁻ adsorbs to feldspar⁽⁻⁾ through monodentate CO complexation. Similar mechanisms may operate for other cephalosporins. Results demonstrate, for the first time, that Raman techniques can be effective for evaluating sorption mechanisms of antibiotics.     

双循环多级水幕吸收塔烟气除尘脱硫性能研究

以改进后的双循环多级水幕塔对烟气进行除尘脱硫性能的研究,利用双循环不同pH值控制的优点和多级水幕的效果,增加气液接触面积和传质动力,提高SO₂吸收效果。在正交实验的最佳运行工况基础上,实验从烟气流量、上下两段pH、L/G和SO₂进气浓度等方面进行单因素研究。结果表明,除尘效率维持在98%以上,进气SO₂浓度在5 000 mg/m³以下时,脱硫率在93%以上。上段pH值为6、下段pH值为5、L/G在15左右的脱硫效率和运行工况最佳,无结垢现象发生。改进后的吸收塔具有良好的应用前景,实验结果对于现场脱硫设备的调试和运行有很好的参考价值。     

Sedimentology models from activity concentration measurements: application to the “Bay of Cadiz” Natural Park (SW Spain)

A previous study on seabed sediments of the Bay of Cadiz (SW of Spain) enabled us to identify several relations between sedimentological variables and activity concentrations of environmental radionuclides such as ¹³⁷Cs, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K. In this paper the study has been extended to a large neighbouring inter-tidal area in order to establish if the above mentioned models can be generalized. As a result we have determined that the measured activity concentrations are closely to the values predicted by the theoretical models (correlation coefficient range = 0.85–0.93).     

多元回归-紫外分光光度法同时测定硝基苯类化合物

对多元线性回归、多元逐步回归和岭回归三种方法应用于硝基苯类五元体系进行定量分析的结果进行了比较研究,结果表明,对于所涉及的组分光谱重叠严重的病态的混合体系,多元逐步回归和岭回归间接校正都是合适的算法,总平均相对误差分别为3.84%和3.00%.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定无铅汽油中铅

探讨了用石墨炉原子吸收法测定无铅汽油中的铅。系统地研究了测定波长、测定浓度对测定方法的影响。提出了高浓度石墨炉原子吸收法测定无铅汽油中铅的方法。铅的检出限为 0 .0 0 5 mg/L,相对标准偏差 ( RSD,n=1 1 )在 1 .9%～2 .0 %之间 ,加标回收率在 95 .5 %～ 99.5 %之间     

石灰乳吸收法治理含氯废气的研究

介绍了石 灰乳吸收法治理含氯废气的原理、工艺流程、工艺参数以及工艺设备。通过治理工程实际运行,结果表明：该工艺回收了废气中的有机氯化物,治理效果明显,且工艺设备 投资少,运转费用低,经济效益显著,因此,推广前景广阔。     

一种火场多参量在线监测系统的设计与实现

火场氧浓度降低、大量烟气遮挡视线和吸入毒性气体是造成火灾中人员无法逃生而窒息死亡的三大主要因素.基于波长调制光谱和谐波探测技术,利用光源调制实现了气体浓度的谐波检测;采用激光烟浓度检测方法,测得减光系数,以表征烟雾浓度.通过合理高效的系统光路和硬件设计,采用分时复用方法,大大缩短了检测周期,每2.5秒便可完成一次对火场多参量的检测,实现了同时对火场中多参量(包括火灾产物中O2、CO、CO2、HCN的浓度和烟雾浓度)的在线实时监测.     

Effect of liming on the distribution of heavy metals in untreated industrial sewage sludge produced in Pakistan for the cultivation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis> (L.)

The recycling of sewage sludge on agriculture land represents an alternative, advantageous, disposal of this waste material. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial sewage sludge, produced in Pakistan, as a fertiliser. Agricultural soil amended with 25% (w/w) sewage sludge with or without lime treatment was used for growing a variety of sorghum (PARC-SS-1). The mobility of the heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the untreated industrial waste water sewage sludge (UIWS) samples were assessed by applying a modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The single extraction procedure comprised of the application of mild extractant (CaCl₂) and water for the estimation of the proportion of easily soluble metal fractions. The precision and accuracy of BCR was evaluated by using a certified reference material of soil amended with sewage sludge BCR 483. The plant available metal contents, as extracted by the deionised water and 0.01 M CaCl₂ solution and exchangeable fraction of BCR sequential, decreased with lime application in the range of 10–44% for As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn, except in the cases of Cd and Cu, where their mobility was increased by 10% and 24%, respectively. Sludge amendment enhanced the dry weight yield of sorghum and the increase was more obvious after liming up to 25%. The uptake of HMs were lower in test samples (3.2–21.8%), except for Cu and Cd, which was higher (4%), while they were below the permissible limit of these metals. The present experiment demonstrates that liming was important in factors facilitating the growth of sorghum in sludge-amended soil.     

Separation and recovery of carbon dioxide by a membrane flash process

A novel process for carbon dioxide (CO₂) separation, which was named a membrane flash process, was developed to realize an energy-saving technology and to substitute it for a conventional regenerator. The electric energy for CO₂ recovery in a membrane flash process using aluminum oxide and diethanolamine was lower than the thermal energy of the conventional chemical absorption process. Flashing at elevated temperature by the low temperature energy significantly reduced the electric energy and required much less membrane area. This process has potentiality of low cost capture of CO₂ when the low temperature energy, which is not available for other purposes, can be utilized to elevate flashing temperature.