Selective elimination of chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

Effluent organic matter (EfOM) from municipal wastewater treatment plants potentially has a detrimental effect on both aquatic organisms and humans. This study evaluated the removal and transformation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant under different seasons. The results showed that bio-treatment was found to be more efficient in removing bulk DOM (in terms of dissolved organic carbon, DOC) than CDOM and FDOM, which was contrary to the disinfection process. CDOM and FDOM were selectively removed at various stages during the treatment. Typically, the low molecular weight (MW) fractions of CDOM and protein-like FDOM were more efficiently removed during bio-treatment process, whereas the humic-like FDOM exhibited comparable decreases in both bio-treatment and disinfection processes. Overall, the performance of the WWTP was weak in terms of CDOM and FDOM removal, resulting in enrichment of CDOM and FDOM in effluent. Moreover, the total removal of the bulk DOM (P < 0.05) and the protein-like FDOM (P < 0.05) displayed a significant seasonal variation, with higher removal efficiencies in summer, whereas removal of CDOM and the humic-like FDOM showed little differences between summer and winter. In all, the results provide useful information for understanding the fate and transformation of DOM, illustrating that sub-fractions of DOM could be selectively removed depending on treatment processes and seasonality.     

南京近郊主要森林类型对土壤重金属的吸收与累积规律

研究了南京近郊针、阔叶树种杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)对重金属元素铬、铜、镍、铅、锌的吸收和累积规律.研究结果表明,5种重金属元素在2种林分的枯落物层含量均高于灌草层和乔木层各部位,但由于乔木层生物量较大,重金属元索在2种森林生态系统中主要储存在乔...     

溶剂吸收法CO2捕集技术简述

CO2捕集是温室气体减排与利用的重要技术步骤之一。文章介绍了CO2捕集的气源及特点、捕集溶剂与填料的研究进展、能量集成和工艺优化以及化工流程模拟研究,提出该技术研究的重点与方向。     

Sorption mechanisms of cephapirin, a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz and feldspar minerals as detected by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate sorption mechanisms of cephapirin (CHP), a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz (SiO₂) and feldspar (KAlSi₃O₈) at different pH. Sorption occurs by electrostatic attraction, monodentate and bidentate complexation. The zwitterion (CHP^o) adsorbs to a quartz⁽⁺⁾ surface by electrostatic attraction of the carboxylate anion group (-COO⁻) at low pH, but adsorbs to a quartz⁽⁻⁾ surface through electrostatic attraction of the pyridinium cation, and possibly COO⁻ bridge complexes, at higher pH. CHP⁻ bonds to quartz⁽⁻⁾ surfaces by bidentate complexation between one oxygen of -COO⁻ and oxygen from carbonyl of an acetoxymethyl group. On a feldspar^(+/−) surface, CHP^o forms monodentate complexes between CO, and possible -COO⁻ bridges and/or electrostatic attachments to localized edge (hydr)oxy-Al surfaces. CHP⁻ adsorbs to feldspar⁽⁻⁾ through monodentate CO complexation. Similar mechanisms may operate for other cephalosporins. Results demonstrate, for the first time, that Raman techniques can be effective for evaluating sorption mechanisms of antibiotics.     

Sedimentology models from activity concentration measurements: application to the “Bay of Cadiz” Natural Park (SW Spain)

A previous study on seabed sediments of the Bay of Cadiz (SW of Spain) enabled us to identify several relations between sedimentological variables and activity concentrations of environmental radionuclides such as ¹³⁷Cs, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K. In this paper the study has been extended to a large neighbouring inter-tidal area in order to establish if the above mentioned models can be generalized. As a result we have determined that the measured activity concentrations are closely to the values predicted by the theoretical models (correlation coefficient range = 0.85–0.93).     

双循环多级水幕吸收塔烟气除尘脱硫性能研究

以改进后的双循环多级水幕塔对烟气进行除尘脱硫性能的研究,利用双循环不同pH值控制的优点和多级水幕的效果,增加气液接触面积和传质动力,提高SO₂吸收效果。在正交实验的最佳运行工况基础上,实验从烟气流量、上下两段pH、L/G和SO₂进气浓度等方面进行单因素研究。结果表明,除尘效率维持在98%以上,进气SO₂浓度在5 000 mg/m³以下时,脱硫率在93%以上。上段pH值为6、下段pH值为5、L/G在15左右的脱硫效率和运行工况最佳,无结垢现象发生。改进后的吸收塔具有良好的应用前景,实验结果对于现场脱硫设备的调试和运行有很好的参考价值。     

噪声防治技术在化工装置中的研究应用

为了降低4500 Nm~3/a氢气联产10000 t/a甲醇装置的噪声及减少其对岗位员工和周边居民的影响,辽河油田公司油气工程技术处针对该装置噪声特点及其对员工的健康危害进行分析,采用吸声、隔声、缓声技术对该装置进行整治。治理后,该装置噪声值由97 dB(A)降至80 dB(A),符合GB Z1-2002《工业企业设计卫生标准》;同时,厂界噪声值低于65 dB(A),符合GB 12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》第四类要求。     

对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐溶液色度与吸收光谱的关系

本文研究了对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐水溶认的色度与吸收光度谱的关系。着重探讨了利用吸鹛光谱确定的溶液的色度。     

白洋淀入淀河流溶解有机物沿程变化特征及来源解析

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱,结合平行因子分析、主成分分析等方法,分析了白洋淀3条入淀河流（府河、孝义河、白沟引河）中发色团溶解有机物（CDOM）的光谱特征,阐释了CDOM组成、来源及对水质的影响机制。结果发现：河流CDOM平均浓度顺序为府河>孝义河>白沟引河,其中,府河CDOM的芳香性与分子量高于其他河流,白沟引河腐殖化程度高于其他河流,孝义河CDOM中内源性物质占比高于其他河流;3条河流均检出类腐殖质组分C1、C2、C3和类蛋白质组分C4,其中C1、C2、C3来源相近,且与C4异源;3条河流各组分最大荧光强度和总荧光强度的沿程变化表明,府河CDOM为点源、面源混合来源,孝义河CDOM以点源输入为主,白沟引河CDOM来自水源本身。