聚烯烃料仓反吹风系统中的安全料位及其确定

介绍了聚烯烃料仓反吹风设置中安全料位的概念及其确定方法,以避免由于通风死区造成静电燃爆事故的发生.     

基层监测站废气应急监测应注意的问题

县（市）级环境监测站开展废气应急监测工作,首先要建立本辖区内完整、详细的废气污染源及潜在风险源的台帐,同时要建立有针对性和操作性的应急监测预案。在应急监测装备的配备上要结合本辖区内的污染情况和自身财力状况均衡考量。在废气应急监测中还要弄清应急监测的目的,注意监测人员的自身防护,不能忽视跟踪监测和应急现场监测后的总结提高等工作。     

静水位扰动异常与地震关系的分析

利用地下水静水位对潮汐应力的响应,分析了通河台1号井含水层对一些地震孕育过程中,应力变化的响应形式。对其出现的异常资料进行了系统分析,统计了异常与地震的对应关系,总结了该井静水位的映震特征。结果表明,异常形态均属于水位扰动型异常。     

故障树分析法在安全完整性等级计算中的应用

在介绍故障树分析方法的基础上,重点分析了定量的故障树分析计算方法。以丙烯腈装置中的反应器压力高联锁回路为例,阐述了此方法在具体装置中的应用,结果表明具有很好的工程实用性。     

Kinetics of low level chemiluminescence from plant leaf smoked by air pollutants

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单轴拉伸条件下先进增强结构力学性能研究

目的研究单轴拉伸条件下先进增强结构的力学性能。方法开展先进增强结构以0.02 mm/s匀速加载至20 000 N的静力拉伸实验,采用应变检测方法获取先进增强结构复合材料结构和金属基体结构的应力应变分布特点,研究先进增强结构对金属基体应力水平的降低程度。结果在确保先进增强结构完好的情况下,先进增强结构能大幅度降低金属基体结构的应力水平,降低程度约为85%。结论按照飞机高应力区结构特点和载荷分布特点,合理布置先进增强结构,能增加局部区域的传递路径,减小局部区域的应力水平,提高该区域的疲劳和损伤容限性能。     

住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染特征及源强度评估

为了解住宅室内环境中PM_(10)的污染水平并分析其影响因素且评估源排放强度,采用TSI AM-510型智能防爆粉尘仪对北京市4所住宅室内外的PM_(10)进行现场监测评价。结果显示:在室外PM_(10)浓度较低时,室内污染源会造成室内空气品质下降;室内PM_(10)受吸烟、烹饪、通风、室外交通及室外PM_(10)等影响;室内污染严重时I/O比较大;室内外PM_(10)污染呈线性规律的2个住宅室内PM_(10)的源排放均强度约为6.627,7.290 mg/h。     

诺氟沙星降解菌NOR-36的分离筛选及降解特性研究

利用微生物分离筛选技术从医药厂废水池活性污泥中分离得到一株可以以哌嗪为一级基质共代谢降解诺氟沙星的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为山羊葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus caprae),命名为NOR-36.当菌株NOR-36在温度为30℃、pH 7.0、诺氟沙星起始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1),哌嗪与诺氟沙星浓度比为5∶1时培养10 d降解率可达92.6%.而在相同的实验条件下,不加一级基质的空白实验中诺氟沙星的降解率最高仅为8.5%.可知菌株NOR-36以哌嗪为一级基质对诺氟沙星进行共代谢生物降解,其对诺氟沙星的降解率显著提高.采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪分析确定菌株降解诺氟沙星的过程中产生3种主要的中间代谢产物,分子式分别为:C_(16)H_(18)FN_3O_4(产物1)、C_(14)H_(16)FN_3O_3(产物2)、C_(12)H_(11)FN_2O_3(产物3).分析中间产物结构可知:NOR-36首先在共代谢关键酶作用下使诺氟沙星哌嗪环上碳氮键断裂,并且中间位置碳原子被氧原子氧化,加氧形成羰基,得到产物1;之后产物1继续被氧化,碳氮键继续断裂,—COCH_3基团被去除生成产物2,最后产物2经氧化后,—CH_2CH_2NH_2基团被去除,最终得到产物3.     

A Review of Water Level Fluctuations on Aquatic Biota With an Emphasis on Fishes in Ice‐Covered Lakes1

Abstract: The effects of water level fluctuations on fish and other aquatic biota, with an emphasis on winter water withdrawal in northern regions is reviewed. Water demands for population growth and development are adding pressure on water reserves, particularly when coupled with changing climatic conditions. Water level fluctuations can have adverse effects on the environment, most notably to hydrologic and biotic processes ranging in magnitude from the micro‐scale to landscape level. Water level management of lakes and reservoirs can affect all forms of aquatic biota. The severity of effect is dependant on the magnitude, duration and timing of the fluctuation, and the species exposed. In northwestern Canada and northern Alaska, water is withdrawn from water bodies to construct ice‐roads and other winter based developments. Biota in small, isolated water bodies are particularly sensitive to reductions in winter water levels. Water withdrawals can reduce the oxygen available to overwintering fish, while reduced water levels can reduce habitat for fish and furbearers, and freeze littoral areas killing plants, invertebrates, and fish eggs. Regulatory winter water withdrawal thresholds have been developed in the Northwest Territories and Alaska and continue to be refined as new data becomes available. The use of thresholds can help minimize or avoid negative impacts to the environment, particularly fish, from winter water withdrawal activities. Many different factors may influence the effect that winter water withdrawal has on a water body, such as basin shape, substrate and location. More research is warranted to better understand the linkages between anthropogenic and natural water level fluctuations and their combined effect on aquatic ecosystems. A general decision support system is proposed for minimizing risk to aquatic life from winter water withdrawal activities.     

Spatially distributed pesticide exposure assessment in the Central Valley, California, USA

Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which pesticides move into the hydrologic environment of intensive agricultural regions such as California's Central Valley. This study presents a spatially explicit modeling approach to extend Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), a field-scale pesticide transport model, into basin level. The approach was applied to simulate chlorpyrifos use in the Central Valley during 2003-2007. The average value of loading as percent of use (LAPU) is 0.031%. Results of this study provide strong evidence that surface runoff generation and pesticide application timing are the two influencing factors on the spatial and temporal variability of chlorpyrifos sources from agricultural fields. This is one of the first studies in coupling GIS and field-scale models and providing simulations for the dynamics of pesticides over an agriculturally dominated landscape. The demonstrated modeling approach may be useful for implementations of best management practice (BMP) and total maximum daily load (TMDL).