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71.
Result-oriented approaches to the management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes
Alexander Wezel Maria Zipfer Christine Aubry Fabienne Barataud Alois Heißenhuber 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(2):183-202
Management of water quality in drinking water catchments is of ongoing, high importance as nitrate concentrations are often still very high. We analysed the Augsburg catchment in Germany, a unique example where a result-oriented approach has been implemented. We investigated the historical evolution of the water protection programme, the result-oriented payment contracts with farmers, and farmer satisfaction with the contracts, based on interviews with the water utility and farmers as well as an analysis of the literature. Today, the water protection programme has been successfully implemented, and a significant reduction of nitrate concentration was achieved due to the following factors: (1) investment of non-negligible amounts of money for high compensation and remuneration payments, (2) different contract options, (3) farmers’ participation in the negotiation process for result-oriented payment contracts, (4) involvement of “outside” people and institutions in negotiation processes, (5) anticipation of starting a programme when nitrate levels were still far below legislative thresholds, and (6) a political and legislative framework allowing direct decisions by a water supplier. 相似文献
72.
Effective EU and Member State policies for stimulating CCS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is widely recognised as an option to mitigate climate change, consistent and effective EU policies to advance CCS are still absent. This paper discusses policy instruments for advancing large-scale deployment of CCS in the European Union, and evaluates them in a multi-criteria analysis. The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) is a cost-effective instrument for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, but it is questionable whether its currently limited time horizon and short-trading periods will lead to substantial CCS diffusion. Complementary policies at the EU and the Member State level may repair this and provide sufficient incentives for CCS. Potential policies include financial instruments such as investment subsidies, a feed-in scheme, or a CO2 price guarantee, as well as a CCS mandate or a low-carbon portfolio. These policy options differ with respect to their environmental effectiveness, possible interaction with the EU-ETS, costs and financial risk involved, and their competition with other mitigation options. Interactions between Member State policies and the EU-ETS are smaller in scope than those of EU-wide policies, but they are more likely to lead to displacement of financial resources from other low-carbon technologies. In addition, national policies may pose a significant part of the financial risk of CCS operations with Member States, reducing the operator's incentive to innovate. Overall, structural policies at the EU level, such as a mandate or a low-carbon portfolio standard would be more conducive for realising large-scale deployment of CCS across the EU as well as more acceptable to environmental organisations. 相似文献
73.
Chun Wai Lee Dennis G. Tabor Kenneth A. Cowen 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):38-45
The performance of four dioxin emission monitors, including two long-term sampling devices, the Dioxin-MonitoringSystem (DMS)
and AMESA (the adsorption method for sampling dioxins and furans), and two semireal-time continuous monitors, the resonance
ionization with multimirror photon accumulation time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RIMMPA-TOFMS) and the jet resonance-enhanced
multiphoton ionization (jet-REMPI) system were tested. A package boiler burning a simulated chlorinated hazardous waste was
used for a total of nine tests. Reference samples were collected during each test and analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The PCDD/F concentrations of the reference samples
measured by EPA Method 23 ranged from 0.9 to 6.0 ng toxic equivalence (TEQ)/dry standard cubic meter. The relative accuracies
achieved by DMS, AMESA, and jet-REMPI varied from 22.6% to 78.2%, with 100% data completeness. The RIMMPA-TOFMS produced no
quantifiable results due to various difficulties associated with the instrument during the testing. The two long-term samplers
were easy to install and operate and provided a cumulative, averaged emission for the sampling period. The operations of the
two semi-real-time continuous monitors were relatively complex, but one of them provided on-site, real-time data for PCDD/F
emissions from measurement of a TEQ correlative indicator compound. This article summarizes results from the individual Environmental
Technology Verification reports for the four dioxin monitors.
This work was presented, in part, at the Fourth International Conference on Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis and Emission
Control (i-CIPEC) 相似文献
74.
Oviposition of carrot fly (Psila rosae) in response to foliage and leaf surface extracts of host plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. Foliage of twelve host and two non-host species and surrogate leaves treated with the respective leaf extracts were presented
to laboratory populations of the carrot fly (Psila rosae) in oviposition choice assays. The stimulatory activity of dichloromethane surface extracts and the diethyl ether fraction
of hot water extracts did not reflect accurately the differences in acceptability observed among intact leaves. A better correlation
was found using hexane extracts prepared in a microwave oven. Two out of five fractions of this crude hexane extract obtained
by silica gel column chromatography stimulated oviposition. The diethyl ether fraction, which contained the previously identified
oviposition stimulants (propenylbenzenes, furanocoumarins, polyacetylenes), could account for only a minor part of the variation
in the acceptability of host leaves. The preference hierarchy for intact leaves corresponded better to the ranking of species
according to activity of the methanolic fraction, which apparently contains unknown stimulatory compounds.? The water fractions
of the hot water extracts were shown to reduce egg-laying underneath surrogate leaves treated with a stimulatory extract.
This oviposition-deterring effect was particularly strong with the non-preferred species Pimpinella major, which is also highly resistant in the field. Hence, unidentified inhibitory compounds may also contribute to differential
accept ability of host plants. It is concluded that antixenotic (non-preference) resistance of host plants to carrot fly attack
depends on complex mixtures of semiochemicals.
Received 11 June 1997; accepted 26 November 1997. 相似文献
75.
76.
北京市土地利用分布与水质响应空间关系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以北京市16个水质监测断面和饮用水源地作为研究对象,利用2009—2010年16个水质监测自动站监测数据与2009年北京市土地利用数据,分析不同缓冲区内土地利用与过境水质之间的响应关系。研究结果表明,耕地产生的农业非点源污染对水质影响明显;在大尺度区域增加林地面积比例有利于改善水质;离水源近的农村居民用地对水质产生负面影响;工业建设用地对水质影响在较大尺度上更为显著。 相似文献
77.
交通干道沿线土壤重金属监测与评估综述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
公路运营所带来的铅、镉、锌等重金属污染物对人体健康安全存在着潜在和长期的影响。近年来,开展交通干道沿线重金属污染监测与评估工作已经成为环境监测工作的重要内容。从监测技术、评估方法、可能影响因素等几个方面对该领域的研究进展及成果进行了综述。采样段面的选取、点位的布设与样品的收集应该同时遵循全面性和代表性的原则。在同一交通干道内,均匀布置采样段面的同时可以尽量包含高车流量、中车流量与低车流量3种类型。考虑到重金属在横向距离上的分布规律,可以在0~100 m处设置密集采样点位,在100~300 m处设置适量采样点位。评估方法一般同时采用Kriging空间插值分析、污染指数分析、多元统计分析,生态风险评价与健康风险评价等多种分析方法。 相似文献
78.
建设项目竣工环保验收复测原因探析及复测程序制定 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
简述了建设项目竣工验收监测的重要性和验收复测的普遍性,分析了验收复测的原因,提出了降低验收复测率的措施。制定了验收复测程序,旨在规范复测工作,提高复测质量,有效推进建设项目竣工环保验收进度。 相似文献
79.
80.