基于模糊理论的鱼雷武器系统作战效能分析

准确评估鱼雷武器系统作战效能是最大限度发挥潜艇作战系统效能的必要前提.运用层次分析法和模糊数学理论对鱼雷武器系统效能进行了定性分析和定量计算,对如何公正、客观、合理地评估鱼雷武器系统作战效能做出了有益的探索.     

基于企业自愿信息披露的生产者责任延伸履责绩效评价

企业自愿信息披露旨在通过公共对话和组织策略,促进企业与社会沟通,探索合作创新途径。这种机制体现了当前社会治理机制转型的方向。生产者责任延伸制度(Extended Producer Responsibility,简称EPR)中的信息责任是这一转型趋势的具体表现。基于企业自愿披露的可持续发展信息评价其EPR履责绩效,可以促进企业主动从产品全生命周期的角度全面履行生产者改善产品环境属性,尤其是废弃产品管理的责任,从而改变目前过度依赖政府监管和推动的局限。本文针对2017年国务院办公厅发布的“生产者责任延伸制度推行方案”中所涉及的电器电子、汽车、铅酸蓄电池和包装材料四大产品领域,以全球报告倡议组织(Global Reporting Initiative,简称GRI)数据库中的企业可持续发展报告资料为基础,辅以企业官方网站上自愿发布的可持续发展报告,采用文本分析方法,结合EPR制度的具体要求,建立生产者EPR履责绩效评价体系。结果显示:①按照GRI信息披露框架开展信息披露的企业,其可持续发展报告中的信息可以覆盖EPR制度的各项具体要求;②信息披露质量在企业之间和行业之间存在较大的差异,电器电子产品领域的信息披露和得分情况明显好于其他三个产品领域。结论中提出以企业自愿信息披露为切入点,构建企业与公共交流的平台,推动生产企业主动参与EPR制度建设,不断提升产品全生命周期的环境表现。     

THE CENTRAL ARIZONA WATER CONTROL STUDY: A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATE PLANS USING CONCORDANCE ANALYSIS AND MULTI-DIMENSION SCALING1

ABSTRACT The Central Arizona Water Control Study (CAWCS) was initiated by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1978. The study attempted to identify and evaluate alternate water management schemes for Central Arizona. By 1981 a set of seven plans had been developed and for each an assessment on a number of economic, environmental, and social factors had been undertaken. This paper offers a formal procedure, using concordance analysis and multi-dimension scaling, to compare alternate plans using multiple factors in order to produce a classification of the attractiveness of the alternatives. Empirical data for the CAWCS are used to clarify the procedure. The results of the formal analysis are compared to those produced by the CAWCS. A critique of the formal procedure is offered, and it is suggested that it may have utility to assist in the collection of data as well as in the search for a best plan. The procedure allows a number of different types of sensitivity tests to be conducted.     

浅论新疆开发区的管理状况及其保护对策

文章主要对新疆各类开发区目前的环境管理状况及存在的问题作了分析,提出推动开发区区域环境规划或加强环境影响评价的对策.明确开发区环境保护的总体要求,合理规划开发区内外的总体布局,加强开发区的环境监督管理,建立跟踪监测制度,采取有效手段推进环保设施建设.控制开发区污染物总量的排放和加强开发区的生态环境建设,落实事故风险防范和应急措施,从而更有效地为开发区的企业提供服务.     

城市可持续发展的综合评价

本文从可持续发展概念出发，建立了城市的发展持续度、发展协调度和发展水平综合评价的指标体系，应用模糊综合评价法和层次分析法，对乌鲁木齐市、新疆、全国城市可持续发展进行了定量评价，并确定了可持续发展目标伍，为城市可持续发展评价理论研究提供了科学依据。     

贵州省能源资源评价

本文通过对能源资源的综合分析评价，揭示了贵州省能源资源的基本特点和开发利用的有利条件，并分别探讨了煤炭和水能资源的开发利用问题。     

四川盆地农业自然环境质量综合评价研究

本文用一种综合定量的方法,评价了四川盆地130个县的农业自然环境质量,获得了比传统的定性描述更直观、确切的结果。分析显示,四川盆地农业自然环境的自然潜力质量、生态质量和综合质量均属“一般”质量等级,并非通常所言“农业自然条件优越”:生态质量和自然潜力质量因盆地地形引起的各种质量因子的变化,有明显的区域差别。文中各种参评因子的量化及评价模型,可为农业自然环境质量评价研究提供参考。     

自然保护区价值评判方法

本文以典型性或代表性、稀有性、脆弱性、多样性、面积大小、天然性、感染力、环境和资源保护价值、科学价值、文化价值等为自然保护区价值的评判指标,运用模糊数学理论,初步建立了由单指标评判和多系统-多指标综合评判二级构成的自然保护区价值评判体系。这两级评判结果均能应用于自然保护区的分类、等级的确定之中,对优化我国自然保护区的布局、加强自然保护区建设和管理都具有重要意义。     

APPLICATION OF THE GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION TO WATERSHED MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A computer model was developed, based on the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, to computed rainfall excess for a single precipitation event. The model requires an estimate of parameters related to hydraulic conductivity, wetting front section, and fillable porosity of the soil layers. Values of parameters were estimated from soil textural averages or regression equations based on percent sand, percent clay, and porosity. Average values of effective porosity and wetting front suction were largely acceptable due to the relatively low variability and low model sensitivity to the parameters. Hydraulic conductivity was the most erratic constituent of the loss rate computation due to the high variability and the high sensitivity of the computed infiltration to the parameter. The performance of the Green-Ampt infiltration model was tested through a comparison with the SCS curve number procedure. Seven watersheds and 23 storms with precipitation of one inch or greater were used in the comparison. For storms with less than one inch of rainfall excess, the SCS curve number procedure generally gave the best results; however, for six of the seven storms with precipitation excess greater than one inch, the Green-Ampt procedure delivered better results. In this comparison, both procedures used the same initial abstractions. The separation of rainfall losses into infiltration, interception, and surface retention is, in theory, an accurate method of estimating precipitation excess. In the second phase of the study using nine watersheds and 39 storms, interception and surface retention losses were computed by the Horton equations. Green-Ampt and interception parameters were estimated from value sin the literature, while the surface retention parameter was calibrated so that the computed runoff volumes matched observed volumes. A relationship was found between the surface retention storage capacity and the 15-day antecedent precipitation index, month of year, and precipitation amount.     

MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION IN A POLICY ANALYSIS OF A RHINE ESTUARY1

ABSTRACT: As part of a major project to provide the Rhine delta protection from North Sea floods, the Dutch installed sluices at Haringvliet in the late 1960s and converted the Haringvliet-Hollandsch Diep-Biesbosch (HHB) estuary into a tidally-damped, fresh-water system. Two decades later, the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat commissioned a study of alternative policies for managing the sluices and removing contaminated bottom sediments, including policies which would at least partially restore estuarine conditions to the HHB. This paper describes the public policy analysis comprising that study, focusing on the role played by formal mullicriteria evaluation (MCE), including the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Through the tasks of value-tree structuring, impact measurement, and criterion prioritization, the MCE influenced the entire structure of the analysis, became an integral part of it, and, despite initial skepticism among the participants about the utility of multicriteria analysis, was subsequently accepted and viewed favorably by the majority of them.