酸雨对苏州市文物古建筑的影响初探

近年来，苏州市区酸雨出现频率增加，降水pH值下降，威胁着众多的文物古建筑。因此从苏州现存文物古建筑的五种材质入手，剖析酸雨对文物古建筑的影响，并对国家重点保护文物罗汉院双塔及正殿遗址典型的案例进行了剖析。     

富安茧丝绸清洁生产实例分析

通过对富安茧丝绸清洁生产审计的实例分析，总结出了清洁生产审计，增加了企业的经济效益，降低了生产成本，提高了产品质量，减少了污染物排放。     

基于不同基质的强化生物除磷系统中生化反应机理研究进展

阐述了3种不同基质(乙酸盐、丙酸盐和葡萄糖)在强化生物除磷系统中的生化模型反应机理.重点介绍了聚磷菌(PAOs)、聚糖菌(GAOs)和产乳酸菌在厌氧/好氧条件下对能量及还原力(NADH2)的利用方式;聚-β-羟基链烷酸盐(PHA)的合成方式及存在形式,糖原、乳酸(L型)的代谢途径等.虽然控制基质条件可以实现稳定的强化生物除磷效果,但目前的生化模型并不能完全解释所有的代谢过程,今后要在分离纯种的PAOs及相关生化代谢过程中酶的活动等方面进行深入研究.     

论清洁生产和工业企业管理

清洁生产是从８０年代末发展起来的一种新的、创造性的保护环境战略措施，其中心思想是通过对生产进行全过程控制达到节能、降耗、减污的目的。本文介绍了清洁生产的基本概念，并通过分析和总结我国一些工业企业实行清洁生产的结果，论述清洁生产和工业企业管理的关系。     

H2O2 formation from photocatalytic processes at the ZnO/water interface

The paper focuses on the production of H2O2 by photocatalysis over ZnO in an aerated aqueous phase. The presence of different reductants that increase the H2O2 production in the aqueous phase is analysed; particular attention is paid to nitrite, which has been shown to be the reductant that produces the most significant increments in the H2O2 production. The photocatalytic anodic decomposition of ZnO in the presence of the different reductants is also investigated. From the results obtained, the relevance of the ZnO photocatalysis in the formation of environmental hydrogen peroxide is estimated.     

污泥与高浓度有机废物厌氧消化反应中的产气量

研究了高温／中温两相厌氧消化反应器系用以同时处理污泥与不同高浓度有机废物时产气及产甲烷的变化特性。结果表明，气体及甲烷主要是在第二段的中温消化反应器内产生。当中温消化反应器的有机负荷ＶＳ为１．６５￣３．１０ｋｇ／ｍ＾３ｄ时，稳态条件下的平均产气量为１．９５８￣４．０２０ｍ＾３／ｄ，气体中甲烷的平均组成为６５％￣７３％，甲烷的比产率为０．３９７￣０．５１１ｍ＾３／ｋｇＶＳ。     

利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢的试验研究

对利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,污泥种类、基质种类、基质浓度和起始 p H对厌氧产氢反应有显著影响。当校河底泥在以 2 0 g COD/L的果糖为基质 ,起始 p H为 6.5时 ,产氢效果最佳 ,停滞期仅为 5 h,产气速率高达5 0 .1m L/g VSS·h,且可持续 12 h,累积产气量高达 60 4.9m L/g VSS,其中氢气含量约为 5 0 %。半连续试验的结果表明 ,若及时更换和补充基质 ,适当调节 p H,就可实现持续产氢 ,在 16h内平均产气速率可达 60 .0 m L /g VSS· h,氢气含量约为 45 %。     

酸雨对污染环境中重金属化学行为的影响

综述了酸雨对污染环境中重金属化学行为的影响。在酸雨作用下 ,不同环境介质中重金属活性明显增强 ,化学形态转化明显 ,迁移能力和生态危害能力亦明显加强。探讨了控制酸雨发生、重金属污染环境修复技术以及开展复合污染环境化学风险评价的必要性     

砷华生产废渣中硫的回收利用研究

高温下氧化焙烧细磨后的砷华生产废渣，利用软锰矿浆吸收产生的SO2气体，吸收液经净化除杂、浓缩结晶等工序可制备工业产品硫酸锰。适宜的焙烧条件如下：焙烧温度为650℃，焙烧时间为60min，废渣粒度为-97μm。选择合适的吸收工艺，Mn的浸出率可达96．20％，此时SO2脱除率为87．20％。     

Principles and perspectives

BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: With respect to the enormous increase of chemical production in the last decades and the tens of thousands of individual chemicals on the market, the permanent improvement of chemical management is a permanent target to achieve the goals of sustainable consumption and production set by the WSSD in Johannesburg 2002. MAIN FEATURES: Several approaches exist to describe sustainability of chemistry. However, commonly agreed criteria are still missing. There is no doubt that products of modern chemistry help to achieve important goals of sustainability and that significant improvements have occurred regarding direct releases from production sites, but several facts demonstrate that chemistry is far from being sustainable. Still too many chemicals exhibit hazardous characteristics and pose a risk to health and environment. Too many resources are needed to produce chemicals and finished products. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Therefore, a strategy for sustainability of chemistry should be developed which comprises the following main elements: 1. Sustainable chemicals: sustainable chemical management includes a regulatory framework which makes no difference between new and existing chemicals, contains efficient information flow through the supply chain which allows users to handle chemicals safely and offers an authorisation procedure and/or an efficient restriction procedure for substances of high concern. This regulatory scheme should promote the development of inherently safe chemicals. 2. Sustainable chemical production: Sustainable chemical production needs the development and implementation of emerging alternative techniques like selective catalysis, biotechnology in order to release less CO2 and less toxic by-products, to save energy and to achieve higher yields. Information exchange on best available techniques (BAT) and best environmental practices (BEP) may help to promote changes towards more sustainability. 3. Sustainable products: An integrated product policy which provides a framework for sustainable products promotes the development of products with a long-term use phase, low resource demand in production and use, low emission of hazardous substances and properties suitable for reuse and recycling. This may be promoted by eco-labelling, chemical leasing concepts and extended information measures to enhance the demand of consumers and various actors in the supply chain for sustainable products. RECOMMENDATION AND PERSPECTIVE: Important tools for the promotion of sustainable chemistry are the abolition of barriers for innovation in legislation and within the chemical industry, more transparency for all users of chemical products, a new focus on sustainability in education and research, and a new way of thinking in terms of sustainability.