GJB 150.28—2009酸性大气试验应用中存在的问题探讨

为了使装备研制、环境试验领域相关人员能更好地依据GJB 150.28—2009制定试验大纲和组织实施试验,提高试验的质量和有效性.总结了GJB 150.28—2009酸性大气试验标准应用过程中普遍存在的问题,对贮存条件、试验溶液配制、试验样品放置、酸雾沉降率和沉降溶液pH值的测量、转换时间、标准适用范围、使用典型材料代...     

化学还原氧化石墨烯修饰PbO2电极及催化降解酸性红G

为了提高Ti/PbO₂电极的稳定性与催化氧化能力,将化学还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）以共沉积的方法修饰于β-PbO₂层.通过扫描电镜（SEM）,X射线衍射仪（XRD）,循环伏安法（CV）,电化学交流阻抗（EIS）,产羟基自由基（·OH）能力,强化寿命等测试方法对电极性能进行表征,并以酸性红G（ARG）为目标降解物,评估PbO₂-RGO电极的催化效果.结果表明,电极经RGO改性后晶型仍为β-PbO₂,析氧过电位由1.60V升至1.83V,膜阻抗由144 Ω/cm²降至16.2 Ω/cm²,强化寿命提升了43.6%.通过ARG降解实验表明,改性后的PbO₂-RGO电极催化性能均有所提高,其中PbO₂-RGO（0.05）电极具有最优的催化能力,120min内对ARG的脱色率可达到98.5%,同时对COD的去除率可达76.89%.     

柳州地区酸沉降管理信息系统(ADMIS)的设计与实现

根据环境信息系统的内在规律并结合柳州酸沉降的特点,系统地分析了柳州酸沉降管理信息系统的结构和功能,进行了详细的系统分析,需求分析,软件设计,在此基础上。建立了该系统的总体框架以及设计实现了包括数据库操作,图形,图象,数据库维护,模型模式等５个子系统。     

酸沉降对重庆南岸马尾松针叶林年生物生产量的影响及其经济损失的估算

利用生态学方法研究了酸沉降对重庆南岸马尾松针叶林和樟树阔叶林年生物生产量及年材积生长量的影响．在野外调查观测的基础上，用多元逐步回归法分析了诸多环境因子对两种森林生态系统年生物生产量的影响，并估算了酸沉降引起的重庆南岸（酸雨严重危害地区）马尾松针叶林的年材积损失量和生态经济损失值．结果表明，在诸多环境因子中，土壤有机质含量、降水ｐＨ值、土层厚度及坡度是影响马尾松针叶林生长的主导因子，其与生物量的相关系数分别为０．９９４０、０．９７６２、０．９７３８、０．９４３６．由此引起的重庆南岸马尾松针叶林的直接经济损失达３０３．３２万元／ａ；酸沉降对樟树阔叶林无显著影响，建议在该地区发展樟树阔叶林．     

Isolation and characterization of Sporobolomyces sp. LF1 capable of degradingchlorimuron-ethyl

A yeast strain which was capable of degrading sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl named as LF1 was isolated from achlorimuron-ethyl contaminated soil near the warehouse of the factory producing chlorimuron-ethyl in Shenyang City, Northeast China.The strain was identified as Sporobolomyces sp., based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and the phylogeneticanalysis of 18S rRNA gene sequence. So far, this is the only yeast strain of Sporobolomyces sp. which is able to degrade chlorimuronethyl.Incubation tests showed that when the initial concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl in culture was 5 mg/L, LF1 could degrade morethan 77% of the herbicide after incubation for 4 d at 30°C. The possible mechanism of chlorimuron-ethyl degradation by LF1 could bethe acidic hydrolysis caused by the acids from the metabolism of the yeast strain. Further study should be conducted to examine thepathways of chlorimuron-ethyl degradation by LF1 and to approach the feasibility of using LF1 to degrade the chlorimuron-ethyl insoil system.     

酸沉降临界负荷研究中的不确定性

从临界负荷的定义,所选用的指示生物及其化学临界值,目前所运用的研究方法,实测资料的缺乏等方面讨论了临界负荷研究中存在的不确定性,指出目前应用于酸沉降临界负荷研究中的稳态和动态模型的模拟能力学很有限,有待进一步完善和发展。     

中国PM2.5污染状况和污染特征的研究

近１０ 余年来在中国的城市地区和清洁地区进行了ＰＭ２－５ 的采集和分析，其中包括ＰＭ２－５ 的质量浓度、离子和元素成分、酸度和酸化缓冲能力以及来源解析，研究结果表明，中国大部分地区ＰＭ２－５ 的污染较重，不论是质量浓度，还是各种主要成分浓度，在ＴＳＰ 和ＰＭ１０ 中都占有很高的比重，而ＰＭ２－５ 的酸度也远远高于ＴＳＰ 和ＰＭ１０ ，特别是近年来ＰＭ２－５ 污染还有相对加剧的趋势     

北京市沙尘暴天气大气气溶胶酸度和酸化缓冲能力

2000年春季,北京市先后出现12次沙尘暴天气.本研究捕捉到2次沙尘暴天气,分析了沙尘暴天气和非沙尘暴天气TSP、PM₁₀的质量浓度、酸度和酸化缓冲能力.研究结果表明发生沙尘暴时大气气溶胶的污染水平极高,同时其酸度相对较低,对酸化有非常强的缓冲能力,因此沙尘暴天气时产生的大气气溶胶可以在一定程度上避免酸性降水的发生.     

Functions of Straw for In Situ Remediation of Acidic Mining Lakes

The addition of straw in combination with Carbokalk, a by-product from the sugar-industry, was successfully used to stimulate microbial alkalinity generation in an acidic mining lake. To get detailed information about functions of straw, anenclosure experiment was carried out. Straw bundles were placedat the sediment surface of an acidic mining lake (ML 111) and thephysiochemical conditions and the microbiology of the sediment-water contact zone were studied. Straw was degraded by anaerobic microorganisms and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from straw bundles. Pigmented flagellates responded to the DOC supply in the water column anda considerable amount of algal carbon was transported to the sediment. Straw addition led to microbial reduction of iron andsulfate in the sediment. Sulfate reduction was observed at a pHof 5.5. The pH, however, was not high enough to precipitate H₂S completely. Thus, some H₂S diffused into the watercolumn, where it was reoxidized. Straw did not create orstabilize an anoxic water body above the sediment. Microbial sulfate reduction and pyrite formation only took place in the sediment,whereas iron reduction also took place in the straw. Straw, however, altered the flow conditions above the sediment surfaceand prevented complete mixing of the profundal water. Straw didnot serve as a substratum for a reactive biofilm. We conclude that the most important function of straw for mining lake remediation is to be a long-term nutrient source for microbialalkalinity generation in the sediment.     

酚醛树脂废水的回收预处理

酚醛树脂生产废水含酚量和含醛量都较高,采用酸性缩聚法或碱性缩聚法处理,能大大降低酚和醛的含量,而且能回收到一定量的树脂.