水解酸化-生物接触氧化法处理印钞废水的挂膜试验研究

印钞废水具有水量小、污染物浓度高、成份复杂、可生化性差等特点,单独处理难度很大.通过实验室小试,采用接种培驯法成功启动了印钞废水处理装置.试验表明,将印钞废水与厂区内生活污水混合,采用水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理是可行的.该工艺可有效改善废水的可生化性,出水满足污水《综合排放标准中》(CB 8978-1996)的一级标准的要求.     

2-Chlorophenol oxidation kinetic by photo-assisted Fenton process

Experimental data are presented to test and validate a kinetic model for the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol wastewater by photo-assisted Fenton process. The data showed that this process had produced good effects under acidic conductions. Up to 90% 2-chlorophenol was removed after 90-minute reaction time with H2O2 of 25% CODCr. in, while in UV/H2O2 system ordy 16.8% 2-chlorophenol was removed after one hour treatment. The optimal pH in this reaction occurred between pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. The reaction kinetics for photo-assisted Fenton process experimented in this research was investigated. Kinetic models were proposed for the treatment of 2-chlorophenol wastewater. The reaction was found to follow the 2nd order. The equations of reaction kinetics are as follows:-d[RH]/dt=KRH[RH][H2O2]0exp(-KH2o2t);-d[CODCr]/dt=KCODCr[CODCr][H2O2]0exp(-K′t).The prediction of the models was found to be in a good agreement with experimental results, thus confimfing the proposed reaction mechanism.     

水解作为污水生物脱氮预处理工艺的可行性研究

通过现场中试对水解过程有机物的降解和SS去除情况进行分析，并通过批量实验对比了水解前后污水的反硝化速率。结果表明：采用厌氧水解取代初沉池作为生物脱氮的预处理工艺，可以有效提高后续生物处理工艺的效率，并可补充一定量的反硝化碳源。     

海水、大气化学演化对动物起源和进化方向的制约

动物的起源主要依赖于氨基酸等有机小分子在海水中能否进行脱水缩合反应而生成生物高分子，后者则依赖于海水pH值升高和大气CO2浓度降低的历史演化进程。有机小分子只有在海水pH值演化到近中性，即寒或纪时彼此才能发生脱水缩合反应而合成生物高分子。只有大气CO2分压降到1000Pa以下，即泥盆纪以后，陆地上才能出现稳定的土壤层和植物，动物也才能从海洋扩展到陆地。随后大气CO2浓度继续降低导致了气温下降和植物生长率的衰减，促使动物进一步演化。     

Prenatal diagnosis for dystrophia myotonica using the polymerase chain reaction

The polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect an abundant class of short repeat DNA families of the form (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n, known as microsatellites. These units are found throughout the human genome and have been characterized for several loci including APOC2 on chromosome 19ql2-ql3.2. The locus APOC2 is linked to the gene for dystrophia myotonica and a microsatellite within this locus was used to derive polymorphisms in a family to predict the inheritance of the disease. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed at 151/2 weeks' gestation. Following DNA extraction from the CVS material and parental blood samples, microsatellite analysis was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction.     

Prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia in Mediterranean populations by dot blot analysis with DNA amplification and allele specific oligonucleotide probes

In this study, we describe a simple strategy to detect β-thalassaemia mutations in prospective parents and to make prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk in the Mediterranean population. Screening of prospective parents is carried out by dot blot analysis on enzymatically amplified DNA with a set of oligonucleotide probes complementary to the most common mutations in this population. Prenatal diagnosis is accomplished by the same procedure on enzymatically amplified amniocyte or trophoblast DNA. The main advantages of this procedure are the simplicity, sensitivity (0.05 μg of DNA), and rapidity (12–24 h). Further simplification is obtained by amplification of the DNA from crude amniotic cell lysate. The very low amount of fetal material necessary for this analysis eliminates the need to culture amniotic fluid cells and may decrease the fetal loss rate associated with trophoblast sampling. The number of specific DNA sequences obtained by the amplification procedure allowed us to use non-radioactive labelled oligonucleotide probes, which have several advantages compared to radioactive probes.     

新型绿色化学反应介质的研究进展

综述了绿色化学在反应介质方面的研究进展。新型的有机合成反应介质主要包括离子液体、超临界流体、水溶剂及微波无溶剂技术。这些新型反应介质不仅可以取代传统的挥发性有毒有害有机溶剂,同时还可提高反应的活性和选择性,加速反应的进行,且有利于催化剂的回收利用及产品的分离。新型绿色化学反应介质是实现有机合成绿色化的重要途径。     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton＇s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran （One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2）, a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton＇s oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton＇s oxidation were acquired as： Fe^2＋ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton＇s treatment.     

MAGIC模型及其应用进展

介绍MAGIC模型及其在预测土壤和地表水酸化趋势及确定酸沉降临界负荷中的应用,提出了该模型的应用展望。     

一株硝基苯高效降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

自南京化工厂下水道底泥和废水处理系统曝气池活性污泥中驯化分离得到一株能快速降解硝基苯的菌株,初步鉴定其为不动杆菌属菌株。该菌株降解硝基苯的最适宜环境条件为温度25℃～35℃,pH7～8,振荡速率大于120r/m。在适宜环境条件下,该菌株能够在24h内全部降解初始浓度不超过400mg/L的硝基苯,该浓度范围内硝基苯的降解过程符合零级动力学特征;当硝基苯的初始浓度超过400mg/L时,降解菌的生长受到毒害作用,该浓度范围内硝基苯的降解在开始有一个明显的停滞期,降解过程不再符合零级或一级动力学特征。