真三轴加卸载煤样声发射长程相关性特征

为模拟井下应力条件,设计固定轴压卸围压试验,得到煤样破裂过程的声发射结果,并计算不同初始围压及不同卸载速率条件下声发射时间序列的长程相关性特征,以期对煤岩体的破裂做出预警。研究结果表明:不同初始围压及不同卸载速率下声发射实验结果类似,根据声发射累计计数可将声发射变化过程分为线性增长期、平静期以及指数增长期,可以很好地反应煤样的破裂过程;随初始围压和卸载速率的增大,声发射时间序列的Hurst指数随之增大,正相关性增强;Hurst指数与分形维数的动态变化与煤样的失稳破裂过程良好对应,且不同初始围压及卸载速率下,Hurst指数与分形维数的动态变化规律类似,说明其声发射时间序列的宏观产生机制具有内在统一性,可将接近破裂荷载时Hurst指数的增大与分形维数的减小作为煤样失稳破裂的前兆信息。     

组合煤岩力学性质与声-电荷信号关系研究

为探究组合煤岩力学性质与声-电荷信号关系,选用新邱矿区煤样和砂岩制备组合煤岩试样,采用物理实验和数值实验相结合的方法,开展不同岩煤高度比的组合煤岩试样受载破坏声发射与电荷感应监测试验,得到了组合煤岩力学性质、声-电荷信号规律及其相互关系。结果表明:组合煤岩试样中的岩石高度提高会提升其整体强度,其破坏脆性特征显著,冲击倾向性增强,弹性阶段的声发射信号提前,声发射能量累积量增加,峰后声发射能量变化率及电荷变化率增大;组合煤岩峰后产生连续声发射信号和电荷信号,强冲击和中等冲击组合煤岩破坏时声发射能量变化率分别为0.336和0.047 J/s,电荷变化率分别为204.88和24.52 pC/s。声发射信号与电荷信号可以在一定程度上反应组合煤岩应力状态并预测失稳破坏,为通过信号监测煤体冲击地压灾害发生提供依据。     

微通道内细颗粒驻波会聚/分离过程的数值模拟

为了研究微通道内可吸入颗粒的声波会聚现象,在两相流的框架下,对三出口微通道颗粒分离元件实现了声-流场中的颗粒运动的两相流动计算;计算方法中,首次提出的颗粒方程全导数离散方法,并成功运用于两相流动颗粒轨道的计算;模拟结果表明了超声换能器的长度对颗粒会聚的影响和出口流量对颗粒分离的影响。计算结果为三出口微通道颗粒分离元件的设计和应用提供参考。     

A小区道路交通噪声控制方案设计

介绍并分析了A小区的声环境状况、噪声源特点,在对其的声学效果、经济、安全以及可行性等因素进行论证的基础上,设计了一种理想的噪声控制方案。     

原煤力学及渗流特性的层理效应研究

为研究层理对原煤力学及渗流特性的影响,通过实验对比分析平行层理煤样和垂直层理煤样在相同瓦斯压力、不同围压下的三轴压裂力学及渗流特性,同时采集压裂过程的声发射数据并进行分析.结果表明:随着围压增大,平行层理煤样的峰值轴向应力平均增幅为34.5％,远小于垂直层理煤样的平均增幅161.21％;围压为1,3,5 MPa时,垂直...     

基于改进K-means和CNN的储罐罐底点蚀诊断模型

为解决储罐罐底点蚀问题,提出基于改进K-means和CNN的储罐罐底点蚀诊断模型,在传统聚类基础上引入肘部法则,保证k值选取3的准确性,将原始声发射信号特征参数和聚类后的类别信息输入模型进行训练,系统预测准确率高达99%。研究结果表明：该模型能够及时发现点蚀现象,指导管理者确定储罐开罐检查时间顺序,避免点蚀穿孔造成的人力、物力损失,降低储罐运行风险,保障储罐运行安全,研究结果可为罐底点蚀诊断提供技术支撑。     

水下推动器对氧化沟流场特性影响的实验研究

采用声学多普勒测速仪(ADV)对水下推动器运行时氧化沟流场进行分析,结果表明:水下推动器单独运行时氧化沟直道流速分布规律与曝气转盘单独运行时不同,靠近叶轮处流速分布沿水深与沟宽都不同,可看作是一个点射流与典型明渠流动混合的流动,具有明显的三维性。通过一段距离的流速掺混,沟内液流可达到一个准二维流动。水下推动器安装在断面中部时的断面平均流速比安装在底部时大18%左右,动力利用率高,较有效地起到推流作用;安装在断面中部时紊动强度分布稳定时的断面离叶轮迎水面的相对距离比安装在断面底部短。     

Using individual-based movement information to identify spatial conservation priorities for mobile species

The optimal design of reserve networks and fisheries closures depends on species occurrence information and knowledge of how anthropogenic impacts interact with the species concerned. However, challenges in surveying mobile and cryptic species over adequate spatial and temporal scales can mask the importance of particular habitats, leading to uncertainty about which areas to protect to optimize conservation efforts. We investigated how telemetry-derived locations can help guide the scale and timing of fisheries closures with the aim of reducing threatened species bycatch. Forty juvenile speartooth sharks (Glyphis glyphis) were monitored over 22 months with implanted acoustic transmitters and an array of hydrophone receivers. Using the decision-support tool Marxan, we formulated a permanent fisheries closure that prioritized areas used more frequently by tagged sharks and considered areas perceived as having high value to fisheries. To explore how the size of the permanent closure compared with an alternative set of time-area closures (i.e., where different areas were closed to fishing at different times of year), we used a cluster analysis to group months that had similar arrangements of selected planning units (informed by shark movements during that month) into 2 time-area closures. Sharks were consistent in their timing and direction of migratory movements, but the number of tagged sharks made a big difference in the placement of the permanent closure; 30 individuals were needed to capture behavioral heterogeneity. The dry-season (May–January) and wet-season (February–April) time-area closures opened 20% and 25% more planning units to fishing, respectively, compared with the permanent closure with boundaries fixed in space and time. Our results show that telemetry has the potential to inform and improve spatial management of mobile species and that the temporal component of tracking data can be incorporated into prioritizations to reduce possible impacts of spatial closures on established fisheries.     

Pooled Analysis of Two Swedish Case-Control Studies on the Use of Mobile and Cordless Telephones and the Risk of Brain Tumours Diagnosed During 1997–2003

Here we present the pooled analysis of 2 case–control studies on the association of brain tumours with mobile phone use. Use of analogue cellular phones increased the risk for acoustic neuroma by 5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2-9% per 100 hrs of use. The risk increased for astrocytoma grade III—IV with latency period with highest estimates using >10-year time period from first use of these phone types. The risk increased per one year of use of analogue phones by 10%, 95% CI = 6-14%, digital phones by 11%, 95% CI = 6-16%, and cordless phones by 8%, 95% CI = 5-12%. For all studied phone types OR for brain tumours, mainly acoustic neuroma and malignant brain tumours, increased with latency period, especially for astrocytoma grade III—IV.     

Need for multiscale planning for conservation of urban bats

For over a century there have been continual efforts to incorporate nature into urban planning. These efforts (i.e., urban reconciliation) aim to manage and create habitats that support biodiversity within cities. Given that species select habitat at different spatial scales, understanding the scale at which urban species respond to their environment is critical to the success of urban reconciliation efforts. We assessed species–habitat relationships for common bat species at 50‐m, 500‐m, and 1 km spatial scales in the Chicago (U.S.A.) metropolitan area and predicted bat activity across the greater Chicago region. Habitat characteristics across all measured scales were important predictors of silver‐haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) activity, and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) activity was significantly lower at urban sites relative to rural sites. Open vegetation had a negative effect on silver‐haired bat activity at the 50‐m scale but a positive effect at the 500‐m scale, indicating potential shifts in the relative importance of some habitat characteristics at different scales. These results demonstrate that localized effects may be constrained by broader spatial patterns. Our findings highlight the importance of considering scale in urban reconciliation efforts and our landscape predictions provide information that can help prioritize urban conservation work.