Biodegradation of thermally synthesized polyaspartate

Polyaspartate synthesized using thermal methods (thermal polyaspartate; TPA) has been shown to have dispersant and crystallization inhibition activities. These activities suggest that the polymer may be used in water treatment and paper processing and as a detergent and paint additive. The commercial potential for TPA is enhanced by the fact that it may be synthesized on a large scale. Therefore, a study of the biodegradation of the polymer was undertaken. TPA was produced by hydrolysis of a polysuccinimide synthesized by dry thermal polymerization of aspartic acid. The resulting polymer was a poly(,-dl-aspartate) having a 70% structure and containing a racemic mixture of aspartic acid. TPA was incubated with both dilute effluent and activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. Low-biomass effluent experiments showed changes in molecular size of TPA concomitant with oxygen demand induced by the polymer, suggesting susceptibility of TPA to at least partial biodegradation. Low-biomass sludge experiments (SCAS, modified Sturm) yielded approximately 70% mineralization of 20 mg L^–1 TPA by 28 days, suggesting that a significant portion of the polymer was labile. High-biomass sludge experiments using¹⁴C-TPA at 1 mg L^–1 revealed approximately 30% mineralization and 95% total removal of TPA carbon from solution in 23 days, with most of the mineralization and removal taking place in less than 5 days. Additional short-term studies using a variety of particulate substrates, including activated sludge, confirmed that TPA is subject to removal from solution by adsorption. From these studies with labeled TPA, it was concluded that TPA is subject to rapid removal and at least partial degradation in a wastewaster treatment plant. Using gel and thin-layer chromatography, it was determined that at least part of the unmineralized residue from the high biomass assays was polyaspartate. It is speculated that the unusual structure of TPA compared to natural proteins may limit the rate of proteolysis of the polymer and thus its overall degradation rate.     

HNBR自然老化规律及储存寿命预测研究

目的研究氢化丁腈橡胶的自然老化规律,评价其作为密封材料的环境适应性。方法选取我国5个典型气候地区（万宁、漠河、敦煌、西双版纳、济南）开展氢化丁腈橡胶试样的自然老化试验。测试试样老化后的压缩永久变形,并将其作为性能评价指标对有关数据进行统计分析。对材料受力状态的环境适应性进行评价,并对其储存寿命进行预测。结果获得了氢化丁腈橡胶材料在我国5个地区3年期的压缩永久变形规律。结论氢化丁腈橡胶材料在我国5个典型气候条件下受力状态时的储存寿命约为2～6年。其中,西双版纳的气候条件对氢化丁腈压变性能影响最大,漠河的气候条件对氰化丁腈压变性能影响最小。     

丁腈橡胶5171密封件热氧老化研究

开展了腈橡胶5171热氧老化试验,结合老化前后宏观、微观性能的变化,对其热氧老化行为及规律进行了研究。结果表明,老化前期,丁腈橡胶5171的物理力学性能出现了较大幅度下降,表面氧元素相对含量及分子链交联密度明显增大,说明橡胶发生了以交联反应为主的吸氧老化;随着老化时间的延长,表面碳元素相对含量上升,氧、氮元素相对含量下降,说明防老剂D和增塑剂癸二酸二丁酯发生了向表面的扩散和迁移,进一步劣化了橡胶的性能。     

利用水生植物水花生制备高吸水性树脂

以水生植物水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides,空心莲子草)和丙烯酸为接枝共聚原料,通过自由基反应制备高吸水性树脂,对接枝聚合物进行FTIR、SEM的结构表征,同时对影响吸水树脂性能的因素进行优化。当水花生干粉用量10 g时,优化条件如下:活化温度为35℃,丙烯酸单体与水花生干粉质量比为6:1,丙烯酸中和度为56%,引发剂过硫酸钾的用量为单体质量的1%,交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺用量为单体质量的0.075%,引发温度为65℃。在此优化条件下制备的吸水性树脂吸水性能最好,对去离子水吸水倍数达到442 g/g。     

利用大型蚤和斑马鱼评价腈纶废水好氧-厌氧处理过程的急性毒性和遗传毒性变化

腈纶废水毒性较强且难以去除,对腈纶废水毒性及污水处理过程毒性削减能力进行评价,可为开发该类废水毒性减排技术提供科学依据。利用大型蚤及斑马鱼评价某腈纶废水的急性毒性和遗传毒性,及厌氧-好氧工艺对该废水毒性的削减能力。采用大型蚤活动抑制率和斑马鱼致死率表征废水急性毒性,采用斑马鱼肝细胞彗星尾矩表征废水遗传毒性。腈纶废水处理前对大型蚤和斑马鱼的急性毒性单位(TU)分别为1.2和2.9,经厌氧-好氧工艺处理后分别降至0.4和0.5。遗传毒性结果表明腈纶废水对斑马鱼肝细胞造成DNA损伤作用,经处理后遗传毒性仍显著高于阴性对照组。理化指标与毒性指标相关性分析表明,该废水氨氮与毒性显著相关,推测氨氮可能是该废水中的重要致毒因子之一。研究结果表明该腈纶废水采用现有厌氧-好氧工艺无法有效削减毒性,对受纳水体水生态环境造成潜在危害。     

户外耐烃类火灾膨胀型隧道防火涂料的制备及性能研究

针对隧道防火要求,开发一种可用于户外环境下保护隧道混凝土结构的耐烃类火灾的NPD型膨胀隧道防火涂料,并对硅丙乳液和纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)用量对涂料性能的影响进行了讨论。结果表明:硅丙乳液和纳米TiO2的加入提高了防火涂料的粘结强度和耐水性能,其中分别添加质量百分数为25%、09%的硅丙乳液和纳米TiO2后涂料的性能达到最优。添加质量百分数为25%硅丙乳液后,涂料的粘结强度和耐水极限分别达到020MPa和14天;而添加09%的纳米TiO2后涂料的粘结强度提高到035MPa,耐水极限达到24天,耐火     

湿法腈纶废水的生化处理

采用水解酸化—固定化微生物流化床—氧化混凝联合工艺处理湿法腈纶废水.该工艺采用的高效菌微生物固定化技术及新型氧化混凝技术均对湿法腈纶废水有较好的处理效果.实验结果表明:在水解酸化温度为42℃、水解酸化运行周期为20 h的条件下,接种活性污泥和高效菌的SBR的COD去除率为26.0％;在新型氯铁型氧化混凝剂加入量为15 mL/L的条件下,混凝出水COD可降至66 mg/L.水解酸化—固定化微生物流化床—氧化混凝联合工艺的总COD去除率可达89.4％.     

混凝-Fenton氧化联合处理含丙烯酸化工废水

采用混凝-Fenton氧化联合技术,对可生化性差的含有丙烯酸的化工废水进行处理,考察了不同因素对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,对于COD为150000～160000mg／L的高浓度丙烯酸废水,经过混凝和Fenton氧化的联合处理,废水COD的去除率可高达80％左右,但出于实际生产运用中成本、运行难度和污泥量的考虑,选择其混凝最佳反应条件为：10％PAC投加量为5％,1‰PAM投加量为0．25％,pH为9,反应时间1h;Fenton最佳反应条件：初始pH为3,[Fe^2＋]／[H2O2]的摩尔比为0．05,H2O2与废水的体积比为2％左右,反应时间3h,沉降1h。在这个条件下,COD的去除率可达60％左右,而且可生化性比较好。     

SBBR处理腈纶生产废水的实验研究

二甲基乙酰胺湿纺腈纶废水是含有难降解物质的化工废水,碳氮比低,水质波动大。采用序批式生物膜反应器对二甲基乙酰胺湿纺腈纶废水进行实验研究,结果表明:在工艺参数为曝气时间3 h,溶解氧4.5~5.5 mg/L,补充无机碳源碳酸氢钠0.5 mg/L,缺氧停留时间2 h的工况下,COD去处理率为75%,BOD为98%,TOC为70%,NH4+-N为94%,TN为80%,DMAC达到99%。     

三相生物流化床处理高浓度丙烯酸丁酯生产废水

采用三相生物流化床工艺处理模拟丙烯酸丁酯生产废水,考察了进水丙烯酸浓度、对甲基苯磺酸浓度、容积负荷、水力停留时间对废水处理效果的影响.结果表明,该工艺适合于丙烯酸丁酯废水的高负荷处理.进水中100 mg/L丙烯酸及50 mg/L的对甲基苯磺酸对生物流化床中未经驯化的微生物具有明显的毒害作用,经过2周左右的驯化,毒害作用...