饮用水源突发性苯胺污染应急处理技术研究

分别从水样浓度、pH、反应时间、药剂投加量以及两者联用时的投加顺序等方面研究了粉末活性炭、高锰酸钾以及两者联合使用时对苯胺的去除效果.结果表明,当污染发生时,高锰酸钾和粉末活性炭联用处理技术是可行的;先投加粉末活性炭再加高锰酸钾处理比先投加高锰酸钾再投加活性炭的去除效果好;当水样pH在中性条件下,粉末活性炭和高锰酸钾联用处理技术的去除效果好;应急处理的反应时间是30 min.     

活性炭纤维的氧化处理研究

采用静态保干器法测定了活性炭纤维对乙醇、丙酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮的吸附量。研究了酸氧化处理对活性炭纤维吸附性能的影响,并用电位滴定法确定了活性炭纤维氧化前后表面含氧官能团的变化。结果表明,活性炭纤维对3种吸附质的吸附量均随时间延长而增加,但饱和吸附量及达到饱和吸附的时间因吸附质的不同而不同。氧化处理后,活性炭纤维表面含氧官能团发生变化,对乙醇的吸附量增加18%,而对N-甲基吡咯烷酮的吸附量提高了300%。     

活性炭吸附室内空气中挥发性有机化合物

活性炭吸附室内空气中挥发性有机化合物的１０％穿透时间与气相浓度及挥发性有机化合物的种类有关,通过对苯、甲苯和丙酮的实验研究,得出了由高浓度估算室内低浓度时炭床１０％穿透时间的经验公式ｔｂ,１＝ｔｂ,ｈ（Ｃ０,１／Ｃ０,ｈ）＾ａ,其中ａ值是与炭床性能及挥发性有机化合物种类有关的参数,可通过实验确定。     

不同流量分配比对多级A/O工艺去除有机物及脱氮的影响

采用三级A/O工艺分段进水工艺处理低碳源生活污水,考察了进水流量分配比对系统去除有机物、硝化反硝化能力以及去除TN的影响。通过对水质指标沿程监测结果表明,不同流量分配比(4∶3∶3,5∶3∶2,6∶3∶1)对系统去除有机物及硝化效率影响不大,出水COD、氨氮分别均在30 mg/L、1 mg/L以下。但反硝化效果受流量分配比的影响较大,在流量比为5∶3∶2时,有效利用原水中碳源进行反硝化,反硝化效果最好。在流量比为5∶3∶2的情况下,TN出水为5.7 mg/L去除率为82.9%,优于流量分配比为6∶3∶1和4∶3∶3时的脱氮效果。总体而言,分段进水工艺在对碳源的有效利用及能耗节省方面优于单点进水。     

活性炭-双氧水催化氧化法深度处理DSD酸废水的研究

以活性炭为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂的催化氧化技术来处理DSD酸母液树脂吸附出水。处理效果比单纯的活性炭吸附或H2O2氧化要好的多。在温度25℃，线速度0．10m／h，pH3．50，H2O2添加量0．35％，处理500mL水样后，脱色率达到90%以上，TOC去除率达到40．0％以上。     

Competition between phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl for high-energy adsorption sites in a sediment

We determined the maximum amounts of added phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl sorbed onto high-energy adsorption sites in a sediment on bi-solute experiments. The bi-solute pairs were phenanthrene/chrysene and phenanthrene/2,5-dichlorobiphenyl. On the bi-solute sorption experiments, one solute was introduced and equilibrated with sediment prior to addition of the second solute. The values for the maximum amounts adsorbed onto high-energy sites revealed that, after equilibration of the first solute, still some high-energy sites could be occupied by the second solute. Phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl seem to share about 30% of the accessible high-energy adsorption sites in the sediment employed.     

Long-term variation of PM2.5 levels and composition at rural, urban, and roadside sites in Hong Kong: Increasing impact of regional air pollution

Long-term study of air pollution plays a decisive role in formulating and refining pollution control strategies. In this study, two 12-month measurements of PM_2.5 mass and speciation were conducted in 00/01 and 04/05 to determine long-term trend and spatial variations of PM_2.5 mass and chemical composition in Hong Kong. This study covered three sites with different land-use characteristics, namely roadside, urban, and rural environments. The highest annual average PM_2.5 concentration was observed at the roadside site (58.0±2.0 μg m⁻³ (average±2σ) in 00/01 and 53.0±2.7 μg m⁻³ in 04/05), followed by the urban site (33.9±2.5 μg m⁻³ in 00/01 and 39.0±2.0 μg m⁻³ in 04/05), and the rural site (23.7±1.9 μg m⁻³ in 00/01 and 28.4±2.4 μg m⁻³ in 04/05). The lowest PM_2.5 level measured at the rural site was still higher than the United States’ annual average National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 15 μg m⁻³. As expected, seasonal variations of PM_2.5 mass concentration at the three sites were similar: higher in autumn/winter and lower in summer. Comparing PM_2.5 data in 04/05 with those collected in 00/01, a reduction in PM_2.5 mass concentration at the roadside (8.7%) but an increase at the urban (15%) and rural (20%) sites were observed. The reduction of PM_2.5 at the roadside was attributed to the decrease of carbonaceous aerosols (organic carbon and elemental carbon) (>30%), indicating the effective control of motor vehicle emissions over the period. On the other hand, the sulfate concentration at the three sites was consistent regardless of different land-use characteristics in both studies. The lack of spatial variation of sulfate concentrations in PM_2.5 implied its origin of regional contribution. Moreover, over 36% growth in sulfate concentration was found from 00/01 to 04/05, suggesting a significant increase in regional sulfate pollution over the years. More quantitative techniques such as receptor models and chemical transport models are required to assess the temporal variations of source contributions to ambient PM_2.5 mass and chemical speciation in Hong Kong.     

腐殖酸、细颗粒泥沙对粉末活性炭吸附苯酚特性影响的研究

通过一系列实验,探讨了粉末活性炭吸附水中苯酚时,腐殖酸(HA)浓度和细颗粒泥沙用量对苯酚吸附量和去除率的影响.实验结果表明:在中性条件下,随着HA浓度的增加,粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附量减少;在不同质量细颗粒泥沙的影响下,苯酚的去除率基本不变;在未加HA时,粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为用Langmuir吸附等温式拟合效果最好,对苯酚的最大吸附量为150.60 mg/g,而在有HA存在时,粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为用Freundlich吸附等温式拟合效果最好,对苯酚的最大吸附量为28.49 mg/g.     

Enhanced sludge solubilization by microbubble ozonation

A microbubble ozonation process for enhancing sludge solubilization was proposed and its performance was evaluated in comparison to a conventional ozone bubble contactor. Microbubbles are defined as bubbles with diameters less than several tens of micrometers. Previous studies have demonstrated that microbubbles could accelerate the formation of hydroxyl radicals and hence improve the ozonation of dyestuff wastewater. The results of this study showed that microbubble ozonation was effective in increasing ozone utilization and improving sludge solubilization. For a contact time of 80 min, an ozone utilization efficiency of more than 99% was obtained using the microbubble system, while it gradually decreased from 94% to 72% for the bubble contactor. The rate of microbial inactivation was obviously faster in the microbubble system. At an ozone dose of 0.02 g O₃ g⁻¹ TSS, about 80% of microorganisms were inactivated in the microbubble system, compared with about 50% inactivation for the bubble contactor. Compared to the bubble contactor, more than two times of COD and total nitrogen, and eight times of total phosphorus content were released from the sludge into the supernatant by using the microbubble system at the same ozone dosage. The application of microbubble technology in ozonation processes may provide an effective and low cost approach for sludge reduction.     

基于ARM处理器的CO气体在线监测系统的设计

以三星公司的ARM7处理器S3C44B0X、嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS -Ⅱ为基础,介绍了一种CO气体在线监测仪器电路部分的实现,分析其基本原理,给出了系统整体框图,完成了其硬件系统和软件系统的设计.实践证明,该方法能够满足系统控制和数据处理要求,具有较好的实用性.