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排序方式: 共有1265条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
21.
Research on biodegradable materials has been stimulated due to concern regarding the persistence of plastic wastes. Blending starch with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising efforts because starch is an abundant and cheap biopolymer and PLA is biodegradable with good mechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) contains unhydrolytic residual groups of poly(vinyl acetate) and also has good compatibility with starch. It was added to a starch and PLA blend (50:50, w/w) to enhance compatibility and improve mechanical properties. PVOH (MW 6,000) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (by weight) based on the total weight of starch and PLA, and 30% PVOH at various molecular weights (MW 6,000, 25,000, 78,000, and 125,000 dalton) were added to starch/PLA blends. PVOH interacted with starch. At proportions greater than 30%, PVOH form a continuous phase with starch. Tensile strength of the starch/PLA blends increased as PVOH concentration increased up to 40% and decreased as PVOH molecular weight increased. The increasing molecular weight of PVOH slightly affected water absorption, but increasing PVOH concentration to 40% or 50% increased water absorption. Effects of moisture content on the starch/PLA/PVOH blend also were explored. The blend containing gelatinized starch had higher tensile strength. However, gelatinized starch also resulted in increased water absorption. 相似文献
22.
23.
Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper deals with the mechanical properties and degree of swelling (DS) of starch/PVA blend film with the functional groups
i.e., hydroxyl and carboxyl group, of additives. Starch/PVA blend films were prepared by using the mixing process. Glycerol
(GL) with 3 hydroxyl group, sorbitol (SO) with 6 hydroxyl group, succinic acid (SA) with 2 carboxyl group, malic acid (MA)
with 1 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group, tartaric acid (TA) with 2 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group and citric acid (CA) with 1
hydroxyl and 3 carboxyl group were used as additives. The results of measured tensile strength (TS) and elongation (%E) verified
that both hydroxyl and carboxyl group as a functional groups increased the flexibility and strength of the film. Values of
DS for GL-added and SA-added films were low. However, DS values of the films added MA, TA or CA with both hydroxyl and carboxyl
group were comparatively high. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were evidently improved.
The reason is probably because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. 相似文献
24.
Nugraha E. Suyatma Alain Copinet Lan Tighzert Veronique Coma 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(1):1-6
Biodegradable film blends of chitosan with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared by solution mixing and film casting. The main goal of these blends is to improve the water vapor barrier of chitosan by blending it with a hydrophobic biodegradable polymer from renewable resources. Mechanical properties of obtained films were assessed by tensile test. Thermal properties, water barrier properties, and water sensitivity were studied by differential scanning calorimeter analysis, water vapor permeability measurements, and surface-angle contact tests, respectively. The incorporation of PLA to chitosan improved the water barrier properties and decreased the water sensitivity of chitosan film. However, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of chitosan decreased with the addition of PLA. Mechanical and thermal properties revealed that chitosan and PLA blends are incompatible, consistent with the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis that showed the absence of specific interaction between chitosan and PLA. 相似文献
25.
Assessment of Soil Erodibility Indices for Conservation Reserve Program Lands in Southwestern Kansas Using Satellite Imagery and GIS Techniques 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The soil erodibility index (EI) of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, which was the major criterion for CRP enrollment,
was assessed for six counties in southwestern Kansas using USGS seamless digital elevation model data and Geographical Informational
System techniques. The proportion of land areas with EI values of 8 or lower was less than 1% of the entire study area and
most of the land areas (72.5%) were concentrated on EI values between 8 and 24. Although land acreage with EI values of 24
or higher decreased dramatically, the proportion of CRP lands to the other land-use types did not change much from low to
high EI levels. The soil EI and physical soil characteristics of the CRP lands were compared to those of other land-use types.
In general, the mean EI values of the land-use types were strongly correlated with physical soil properties, including organic
matter content, clay content, available water capacity, permeability, and texture. CRP lands were compared in detail with
cropland in terms of their soil characteristics to infer the pivotal cause of the land transformation. Although there was
no significant statistical difference in EI between cropland and CRP soils, soil texture, soil family, and permeability were
statistically different between the two. Statistical analyses of these three variables showed that CRP soils had coarser texture
and higher permeability on average than cropland soils, indicating that CRP lands in the study area are drier than cropland
soils. Therefore, soil moisture characteristics, not necessarily soil erosion potential, might have been the key factor for
CRP enrollment in the study area. 相似文献
26.
The effect of Na and Ca salts on MSWI bottom ash activation for reuse as a pozzolanic admixture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study the possibility of both chemical and combined chemical + thermal activation of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash was investigated. A number of chemical activators including Na2SiO3·9H2O, NaOH, Na2SO4 and CaCl2·2H2O were individually added at varying concentrations to bottom ash/Portland cement mixtures having different bottom ash contents. The effect of the selected compounds was evaluated in terms of macroscopic properties including mechanical strength and composition of cementitious materials/water slurries. The results showed that Na-based activators were not capable of improving the characteristics of the cementitious products if compared to Portland cement under both normal and accelerated curing. Conversely, the use of calcium chloride at 40 °C-curing did promote the pozzolanic properties of bottom ash, leading to UCS values of 45.5 and 60.0 MPa after 10 and 20 days, respectively, as opposed to a value of 43.6 MPa obtained after 28 days for Portland cement under normal curing conditions. 相似文献
27.
去除城市生活污泥中有机络合态金属强化其厌氧生物制气 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高城市生活污泥厌氧消化沼气产率,本文考察了通过金属络合剂EDTA预处理污泥,以去除城市生活污泥中有机络合态金属,强化其厌氧生物制气的效果.结果表明,经EDTA预处理去除金属后的污泥(实验组)较未预处理的污泥(对照组)的有机络合态金属含量减少[(5.09±0.57)%~(1.37±0.20)%,以TS计],溶解性有机质显著提高(SCOD提升627%),暗示该预处理方法能够极大地去除有机络合态金属并强化污泥有机质的溶出.通过测定污泥有机质溶出表观活化能发现,实验组污泥有机质溶出表观活化能比对照组降低36%,表明预处理能够有效降低有机质溶出反应的能量壁垒.污泥厌氧发酵研究发现,在16d的污泥厌氧产酸实验中,实验组VFAs浓度高于对照组,较对照组最大提升42%;在22 d的污泥厌氧产甲烷测试实验(BMP)中,实验组单位有机质累积甲烷产量比对照组增加48%,表明EDTA预处理对提高污泥厌氧消化产沼气具有重要的作用.通过进一步产沼气动力学研究发现,实验组的产沼气限速步骤在产甲烷阶段,而对照组限制于水解阶段,表明经EDTA预处理能有效地破除城市生活污泥厌氧消化过程的水解限速. 相似文献
28.
Christof Lanzerstorfer 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(4):178-183
Miscanthus giganteus is one of the energy crops considered to show potential for a substantial contribution to sustainable energy production. In the literature there is little data available about the chemical composition of ashes from the combustion of Miscanthus and practically no data about their physical properties. However, for handling, treatment and utilization of the ashes this information is important. In this study ashes from two biomass combustion plants using Miscanthus as fuel were investigated. The density of the ashes was 2230 ± 35 kg/m~3, which was similar to the density of ashes from straw combustion. Also the bulk densities were close to those reported for straw ashes. The flowability of the ashes was a little worse than the flowability of ashes from wood combustion. The measured heavy metal concentrations were below the usual limits for utilization of the ashes as soil conditioner. The concentrations in the bottom ash were similar to those reported for ash from forest residue combustion plants. In comparison with cyclone fly ashes from forest residue combustion the measured heavy metal concentrations in the cyclone fly ash were considerably lower. Cl-, S and Zn were enriched in the cyclone fly ash which is also known for ashes from wood combustion. In comparison with literature data obtained from Miscanthus plant material the concentrations of K, Cl-and S were lower.This can be attributed to the fact that the finest fly ash is not collected by the cyclone de-dusting system of the Miscanthus combustion plants. 相似文献
29.
为探索乡镇尺度上土壤属性空间分布预测的最佳方法,以江西省万年县齐埠镇为例,借助四方位搜索法、地统计学和遥感影像分析技术提取环境因子(地形因子和植被覆盖指数)和邻近信息[w(有机质)与w(速效钾)],构建OK法(普通克里金法)、RK1法(仅基于环境因子的回归克里金法)以及RK2法(基于环境因子和邻近信息的回归克里金法)对齐埠镇耕地表层(0~20 cm)土壤w(有机质)、w(速效钾)空间分布进行预测.结果表明:齐埠镇土壤w(有机质)平均值为35.03 g/kg,w(速效钾)平均值为96.73 mg/kg,均为中等空间变异性.对62个样点进行建模,16个测试样点进行独立验证的误差分析表明,RK2法对土壤w(有机质)、w(速效钾)预测结果的均方根误差、平均绝对误差和平均相对误差较OK法分别降低了18.05%、18.01%、21.77%和7.25%、9.49%、9.84%;较RK1法分别降低了22.48%、20.91%、22.02%和9.27%、12.61%、13.52%.研究显示,RK2法明显提高了土壤w(有机质)、w(速效钾)空间分布模拟精度,并且存在改进和提高的空间. 相似文献
30.