Implementing wildlife-management strategies into road infrastructure in southern Ontario: a critical success factors approach

Wildlife-road conflict has profound negative impacts on both wildlife populations and society. Despite a long-held understanding of this problem, in most regions the wildlife-management strategies (WMS) available to mitigate this conflict are still relatively underutilized. This study examines the implementation of these strategies into road infrastructure, using Southern Ontario as a case study, in order to develop an understanding of what leads to successful WMS implementation. The project management concept of critical success factors was applied and interviews with project decision-makers and key stakeholders were conducted. Nine factors were identified and a comparison between a ‘smooth’ and ‘rough’ project is used to illustrate the cumulative effects that these factors, and their interrelationships, have on project implementation success. Practitioners can use these findings to evaluate WMS projects based on likelihood of success and allocate resources accordingly, ultimately leading to increased chances of implementation and overall benefit to conservation and society.     

辽宁省化学品环境风险特征及管理对策分析

通过对辽宁省化学品分布、三大行业l810家企业化学品环境风险单元、防范措施、应急处置、应急救援资源情况及存在问题的分析研究,提出适合辽宁省化学品环境风险管理对策建议。     

VOCs源强不确定性对臭氧生成及污染防治影响的模拟分析

本文基于三维区域空气质量模式WRF-Chem,通过修改模式化学模块,量化输出过程量和诊断量,提供了一种定量分析挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)源强不确定性对O3生成影响的方法.为无法定量计算VOCs源强导致的臭氧生成率[P(O3)]偏差,以及由此对O3体积分数分布和污染控制相关联的VOCs敏感区和NOx 敏感区分布的误判提供了方法参考.采用标准统计参数对WRF-Chem模式的气象场与污染场模拟性能进行了评估,相关指标均优于前人结果.以INTEX-B(intercontinental chemical transport experiment-phase B)人为源、FINNv1(fire inventory from NCAR version 1)生物质燃烧源和 MEGAN(model of emissions of gases and aerosols from nature)生物源作为基准源,并以卫星观测数据作为约束,对排放源进行改进,评估了源改进前后臭氧生成率[P(O3)]、O3体积分数和O3控制敏感区指标(Ln/Q)的变化情况.仅人为VOCs(AVOCs)源增加68％后,P(O3)模拟峰值增升比例达13％～82％,以北京观测站点为例,P(O3)模拟月均峰值增加42％(22.5×10-9 h-1).对P(03)形成贡献比例最大的主要化学反应是HO2+NO(占比约68％),AVOCs源增加68％后,该反应贡献比例下降至65％.在改进源下,P(O3)普遍增加达到2×10-9～4×10-9h-O3各季节增幅较大的区域均主要集中在京津冀、长三角和珠三角中心城市及周边区域,与我国大型城市区基本都是VOCs敏感区的结论一致.整体而言,VOCs源强改进后,Nox敏感区O3体积分数增加幅度不大,不超过4×10-9,而部分VOCs敏感区增幅超过20 x10-9.VOCs源强的不确定性会影响O3形成过程中Nox和VOCs敏感区的判断,特别是VOCs源强明显低估会夸大VOCs敏感区的范围,从而降低O3调控对策的有效性.     

基于双向门控循环单元的地表水氨氮预测

为提高水环境中NH4+-N的预测精度,提出了一种互补完全集合经验模式分解(CCEEMDAN)和双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)神经网络的混合预测模型(CCB).首先,通过CCEEMDAN将NH4+-N数据分解成一系列较为简单的模态成份;然后利用BiGRU神经网络对各成份进行预测,将所有分解成份的预测结果相加即可获得最终预...     

Application of environmentally conscious manufacturing strategies for an automotive component

Application of appropriate environmentally conscious manufacturing strategies enables the sustainable development of products and processes. Automotive component manufacturers recognise the potential of applying appropriate strategies for attaining Triple Bottom Line benefits. In this context, three strategies such as eco-efficiency, waste minimisation and material efficiency are being applied to minimise environmental impacts associated with the manufacture of automotive products and its associated processes. A case study of an automotive component manufacturing firm has been exemplified. After conducting the study, the potential environmental impact was reduced by 20% and eco-efficiency was improved by 13%. Further, improvements have been observed in terms of overall resource consumption and material efficiency. The overall power consumption was reduced by 18% and weight of the component was reduced by 11%. The study aimed at improving the sustainable performance of product by incorporating green and environmentally friendlier manufacturing practices.

Abbreviations: USEPA: United Nations Environmental Protection Agency; OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; WBCSD: World Business Council for Sustainable Development; Eco-QFD: Environmental Quality Function Deployment; WCED: World Commission on Environment and Development; LCA: Life Cycle Assessment     

基于EEG频谱特征的驾驶员疲劳监测研究

研究表明疲劳驾驶是引发交通伤亡事故的重要原因之一,因此有必要采取相应的预防措施。脑电是公认的睡眠(疲劳)金指标,因此论文提出了基于脑电频谱特征的驾驶员疲劳预测方法。采用了驾驶模拟实验中记录的三路驾驶员脑电信号,并利用驾驶员自评与专家评定两种方式相结合的方法将驾驶数据分为疲劳和清醒。针对脑电中眼电噪声很强的特点,对记录的脑电进行了自适应滤波消噪处理,结果显示可有效滤除眼电伪迹;然后根据脑电的频域特征比较突出且与疲劳相关的特点,从去噪后的脑电中提取出了的75个频谱特征;最后利用这些频谱特征,采用朴素贝叶斯分类的方法建立了驾驶员疲劳监测模型。实验结果表明,该方法能监测出驾驶员84%的疲劳状态。     

富铁炭对填埋覆土层甲烷氧化主导微生物活动的影响

为了进一步明晰甲烷氧化菌群与环境间的相关关系,通过比较其甲烷氧化量和胞外聚合物(EPS)2种重要的微生物生命活动来探讨不同基质浓度与不同炭组间交互产生的环境差异对微生物群落的影响.结果表明,不同基质浓度对微生物多样性和种群差异影响最大.在甲烷与氧气(15％,V/V)均充足的情况下甲烷氧化累积量主要由Ⅰ型甲烷氧化菌贡献;...     

基于ICEEMDAN和MC-CNN的矿山声发射信号识别分类方法

为精准识别地下矿山声发射事件,采用基于改进的完全集合经验模态分解模型(ICEEMDAN)和多通道卷积神经网络(MC-CNN)模型对声发射信号进行处理后得到分量图,根据各通道输入分量峭度值赋予不同权重,并利用卷积神经网络对输入数据进行训练,最终采用五折交叉实验方法验证该分类识别方法的可行性及有效性.结果表明:基于ICEE...     

改良SBR工艺实现生活污水除磷与半亚硝化

常温条件下(20~25℃),采用序批式反应器(SBR),应用改进后的运行策略:进水、厌氧搅拌、曝气搅拌、静置沉淀、排水、选择性排泥、污泥床缺氧搅拌,控制污泥龄为20d,溶解氧为0.2~0.5mg/L,实现单污泥系统同步除磷亚硝化的稳定运行.结果表明:总磷去除率为95.9%~97.1%,出水总磷浓度为0.1~0.4mg/L,好氧阶段氨氮去除容积负荷为0.242kg N/(m3·d),出水氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的比值约为1:1,可以为后续的厌氧氨氧化提供合适的进水.     

基于自适应遗传小波神经网络的水质评价建模

水环境污染过程的非确定性和非线性,使得传统的水质评价方法存在局限性。为了提高水质评价的准确性,提出了一种基于改进小波神经网络(wavelet neural network,WNN)的水质评价模型。采用自适应遗传算法(adaptive genetic algorithm,AGA)对小波神经网络的初始权值进行优化,再通过小波神经网络算法对网络进行训练,最后对训练好的网络展开测试。仿真结果表明,自适应遗传算法和小波神经网络的结合提高了网络的训练效率,该方法可以用于水质评价建模,并且评价结果具有较高的精度和准确性。