PM_(10)浓度时间序列多时间尺度分析的小波方法

文章利用Morlet小波函数进行小波变换,以乌鲁木齐市的大气污染物时间序列为例,分析了当地PM10的多时间尺度的演变特性。研究结果显示,其年际变化和季节性变化的时间尺度在尺度空间中分布不均匀,受气象和污染源因素影响,具有较明显的局部化特征。     

关于资源再生经济的企业思考（一）——回眸历史 咀嚼个中酸甜苦辣

从市场机制的导入,产业经营的传承,行业模式的变迁,经营方式的选择,资源的集中与对接等方面,回顾了再生资源行业过去30年的发展变化。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究进展及应用

系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂的定义、成份、制备及微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用进展等方面的知识,其中包括微生物絮凝剂的产生和培养条件、作用机理、合成絮凝剂的微生物种类,并预示了今后微生物絮凝剂领域的几个重要研究方向。     

Socioeconomic potential of carbon sequestration through agroforestry in the West African Sahel

The recognition of agroforestry as a greenhouse-gas mitigation strategy under the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) offers an opportunity to agroforestry practitioners to benefit from the global Carbon (C) credit market. Our knowledge on this important topic from the semiarid regions such as the West African Sahel (WAS) is, however, very limited. In order to fill this gap, this study was undertaken in the Ségou region of Mali (annual temperature, 29°C; annual rainfall, 300–700 mm in 60 to 90 days), focusing on two improved agroforestry systems (live fence and fodder bank) along with traditional parkland agroforestry systems of the region. A cost–benefit analysis was conducted to assess the economic profitability and risks associated with the systems considering them as 25-year projects and their potential for participation in C credit market. The traditional systems had high C stock in their biomass and soil, but little potential for sequestering additional C; on the other hand, the improved systems had low C stock, but high sequestration potential. For the standard size live fence (291 m) and fodder bank (0.25 ha) projects, the estimated net present values (NPV) were $ 96.0 and $158.8 without C credit sale, and $109.9 and $179.3 with C sale, respectively. From the C sale perspective, live fence seemed less risky and more profitable than fodder bank. Carbon credit sale is likely to contribute to economic development of the subsistence farmers in the WAS.

重庆市1997年-2005年生态足迹与发展能力实证分析

生态足迹是一种定量测量人类对自然资源利用程度的全新方法。在介绍了生态足迹的概念和生态足迹的模型与生态系统经济发展能力以及目前的研究成果基础上,根据1998年-2006年的《重庆市统计年鉴》的资料数据,对重庆市1997年-2005年的生态足迹进行了实证计算与分析,结果表明重庆市从1997年的人均生态足迹由1.096ha/cap增加到2005年底的1.635ha/cap,人均生态赤字由1997年的0.9000ha/cap增加到2005年的1.2742ha/cap,9年间的增幅为41,5％,平均每年为6.1％;通过人均GDP与发展能力的回归分析表明,生态系统的经济发展能力是一个很好的反映重庆市经济系统状况的指标。     

中国第四纪黄土古环境研究若干进展

随着技术进步和多方位研究进展,第四纪古环境研究向着多元古环境替代指标、高分辨率古气候研究、气候变化的多种驱动因素等方面发展。文章总结了中国黄土古环境研究中的主要替代性指标,包括黄土磁化率、黄土粒度、植物硅酸体、孢粉组合、蜗牛化石、碳氧同位素和^10Be、黄土与古土壤。概述了当前对黄土—古土壤的时间标尺、末次冰期的短尺度气候事件以及东亚古季风变化机制的认识。     

基于非参数方法的中国棉花产出规模效率时空特征

人类需要的无限性和用来满足需要的各种稀缺资源之间的矛盾,要求人们对生产资源进行有效配置。为研究中国棉花流通体制市场化改革以来,棉花生产资源的配置效率--产出规模效率及其时空特征,基于生产前沿面理论的非参数方法,利用生产资源配置效率测度软件对中国棉花主产区的棉花产出规模效率进行了具体测定与分析。结果表明：中国棉花产出规模效率时空差异显著,报告期长江流域优于黄河流域,同时两大流域棉花产出规模效率变化态势与我国棉花流通体制市场化改革的政策安排高度相关。认为中央政府应根据市场化进程中棉花生产所表现出来的新特点与市场调节出现的新问题,适时做出进一步激励棉花生产,最大程度发挥产出规模效率的政策安排。     

Effects of the adaptations to climate changes on the income of herdsmen in Qinghai Province

This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The survey was first implemented in three counties in the Three Headwaters Region.Finally the measures and recommendations suitable for the economic development in the ecologically fragile areas were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:priority can be given to the measures to prevent the damage from rats and the engineering measures for pasture maintenance in Zeku County,where the geological conditions and grass quality are inferior,while the fiscal subsidy can be prioritized in Tongde County where the grassland area is relatively less.These recommendations can not only provide good reference for the protection of grassland resources,but they also lay a foundation for the implementation of more suitable measures to help the herdsmen in the ecologically fragile areas to adapt to the climate change.     

The Three Gorges Project in Figures

Abstact

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.     

Fundamental issues and solutions in the design of China's ETS pilots: Allowance allocation,price mechanism and state-owned key enterprises

This paper analyzes the three main fundamental issues in the design of China’s ETS pilots,including allowance allocation,price mechanism and state-owned key enterprises,and proposed suggested solutions.For the issue of allowance allocation,we suggest that the gradual hybrid mode could be applied at the beginning,which starts with mainly free allocation and then increases auction ratio gradually.And grandfathering is a suitable method of free allocation.For the issue of price mechanism,we suggest a price floating zone with open market operation to reduce the uncertainty of prices.For the issue of state-owned key enterprises,we suggest a good coordination with SASAC,defining the state-owned property right and supervision right when state-owned key enterprises are involved into the carbon market,and the local government can set rules of allocation and transaction to limit their potential market power.