基体表面状态对硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层/2024铝合金间附着力影响

目的研究不同表面状态对硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层/2024铝合金间附着力影响规律。方法结合硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层的综合性能与实际应用情况,选取4种常见的预处理方式来改变基体表面状态,采用拉拔测试仪测试不同基体表面状态(基体表面p H值、基体表面粗糙度、基体表面能),涂层/基体间的附着力值,研究基体表面状态对该涂层/基体间附着力的影响关系。结果基体表面状体影响涂层附着力的根本原因是基体表面能、基体表面p H值和基体表面粗糙度。结论对于硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层,其表面处理方式可用热碱清洗方法代替传统铬酸盐钝化;当硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层喷涂厚度为30μm时,将铝合金基体表面粗糙度控制在Ra=4.75μm左右,可保证涂层有好的附着性,附着力值为8.84 MPa。     

PHB/V in Extrusion Coating of Paper and Paperboard: Part I: Study of Functional Properties

Extrusion-coating experiments were carried out in the pilot line at Tampere Univesity of Technology (Institute of Paper Converting). Typical paper and paperboard substrates were coated with commercially produced 3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate. The resulting physical properties of extrusion-coated composite structures were studied. Adhesion between PHB/V and a fiber-based substrate was rather poor, regardless of typically used pretreatments (corona and flame). On the other hand, adhesion was sufficient (mode of failure was fiber tear as the materials were separated) when the substrate was primed with an acrylic-based primer. The surface energy and polarity of PHB/V were much higher than the respective ones of LDPE. Curling of PHB/V was reduced by the addition of wax or tall oil rosin into the base polymer.     

Risk factors for motorcycle loss-of-control crashes

Objective: The present article identifies and assesses the effect of critical factors on the risk of motorcycle loss-of-control (LOC) crashes.

Method: Data come from a French project on road crashes, which include all fatal road crashes and a random sample of 1/20th of nonfatal crashes in France in 2011, based on police reports. A case–control study was carried out on a sample of 903 crashes for 444 LOC motorcycle riders (case) and 470 non-LOC and nonresponsible motorcycle riders (control). The sample was weighted due to the randomization of nonfatal crashes. Missing values were imputed using multiple imputation.

Results: Road alignment and surface conditions, human factors, and motorcycle type played important roles in motorcycle LOC crashes. Riding in a curve was associated with a 3-fold greater risk of losing control of motorcycle than riding in a straight line. Poor road adhesion significantly increased the risk of losing control; the risk increased more than 20-fold when deteriorated road adhesion was encountered unexpectedly, due to loose gravel, ice, oil, bumps, road marking, metal plates, etc. For motorcyclists, riding with a positive blood alcohol concentration (over or equal to the legal limit of 0.5 g/L) was very dangerous, often resulting in losing control. The risk of LOC crash varied for different types of motorcycle: Riders of roadsters and sports bikes were more likely to have an LOC crash greater than that of riders of basic or touring motorcycles. In addition, LOC risk increased with speed; a model using the square of the traveling speed showed better fit than one using speed itself.

Conclusion: The LOC crash factors related to riders, vehicles, and road infrastructure identified here were expected but were rarely identified and taken simultaneously into account in previous studies. They could be targeted by countermeasures to improve motorcyclist safety.     

气溶胶粉尘在玻璃表面的沉积行为研究

玻璃是建筑装修的重要材料之一.有关玻璃的表面清洁技术非常丰富,但是对于粉尘粘附于玻璃表面的行为等的研究成果尚不多见.为此, 测定了玻璃片以不同角度放置在大气中,玻璃片表面粘附粉尘的分布规律和粉尘的粒径分布等特征;发现粘附于玻璃片上粉尘粒径分布不同于大气中的粉尘粒径分布,不同湿度对玻璃表面粘附的粉尘形状、粉尘数量和粒径影响很大.     

DEVELOPMENT OF A BACTERIAL TRANSPORT MODEL FOR COARSE SOILS1

ABSTRACT: A bacterial transport model, developed to analyze bacterial translocation in coarse-grained soils, is presented. The complex governing equation is presented first, followed by analyses of each of the major processes influencing bacterial transport. These analyses suggest simplification of the governing equation is feasible when input data on specific processes are limited or unavailable. Model parameters, including bacterial die-off, bacterial distribution, input bacterial concentration, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, were randomly generated using a procedure known to produce either a normal or log-normal distribution of random numbers. Monte Carlo simulations were completed, and the resulting output was used to generate cumulative frequency distributions showing the probability of bacterial transport beyond various soil depths. Results from these simulations indicate that bacteria have a high probability of traveling through coarse-grained soils when low clay content and soil water temperatures limit bacterial retention and die-off.     

钢丝绳芯输送带接头硫化工艺安全管理

介绍了钢丝绳芯输送带接头硫化的有关工艺规程 ,提出了确保接头硫化质量的安全施工措施 ,并进行了具体的应用实践 ,对于防止接头硫化质量不高而带来的重大接头断裂隐患具有一定的现实指导意义     

厌氧氨氧化污泥群体感应信号分子检测及影响研究

厌氧氨氧化作为一种新型的脱氮工艺具有很好的应用前景,但厌氧氨氧化污泥富集培养困难.本研究以处理垃圾渗滤液的污泥作为接种污泥,在升流式厌氧污泥反应器(UASB)中启动厌氧氨氧化过程;检测驯化成功的厌氧氨氧化污泥中是否存在群体感应信号分子;并通过添加外源信号分子(cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid,DSF和N-acyl-homoserine lactone,AHL),探究信号分子对厌氧氨氧化污泥附着生长能力的影响.结果表明,UASB反应器在运行150 d后,总氮去除率达到80%,菌群结构中厌氧氨氧化菌所占比例超过了20%,成功启动厌氧氨氧化工艺,且厌氧氨氧化污泥中存在低浓度的AHLs信号分子;人为添加3-碳位置取代基为羰基的AHLs(3-oxo-C6-HSL、3-oxo-C8-HSL、3-oxo-C10-HSL和3-oxo-C12-HSL)信号分子均能促进厌氧氨氧化污泥附着生长,而3-碳位置无取代基的AHLs中只有C12-HSL和C6-HSL存在积极影响,C8-HSL、C10-HSL和DSF信号分子对厌氧氨氧化污泥的附着生长能力并没有促进作用.     

海洋污损硅藻附着强度的定量测定

以海洋底栖硅藻新月菱形藻MMDL533作为模型污损物种,利用显微镜-图像分析软件、平行平板流动装置测定了其在羟基化玻璃表面及改性玻璃上的附着性质。研究表明,环境温度为20℃时,新月菱形藻MMDL533在羟基化玻璃表面的附着量最大,在1 h的接触时间后达到87±9/mm2;同时,其附着量随着接触时间延长而变大,并在3 h后达到一个较为稳定的值(110±15/mm2左右);当用水流冲刷后细胞的移除率来表征细胞在特定表面的附着强度时,新月菱形藻MMDL533的附着强度随着表面接触角逐渐增大,并在80°左右达到最大值,然后呈下降趋势。     

液滴撞击超疏水冷表面的反弹/黏附特性对比研究*

为研究液滴撞击超疏水冷表面动力学现象,通过开展去离子水液滴撞击CuO超疏水表面实验,研究表面温度对液滴碰撞后响应方式的影响,分析铺展直径与反弹高度变化规律。结果表明:液滴撞击超疏水冷表面出现反弹与黏附2种响应方式,临界表面温度介于-25 ℃~-20 ℃之间;液滴反弹工况下,表面温度越低,液滴与超疏水冷表面之间接触时间越长,液滴最大反弹高度越小;液滴黏附工况下,随表面温度降低,液滴回缩程度减小,稳定铺展直径增大。研究结果可为表面结冰界面现象与防冰/除冰机理研究提供参考。     

细菌粘膜对船体表面污损生物附着的影响

细菌粘膜是一个复杂而又可以控制的生态系，它对海中设施有影响，也和大型污损生物的附着有关。本文研究了防污漆表面细菌粘膜的组成，并利用筛选得到的菌株制成人工细菌粘膜验证其对污损生物的附着影响作用，实验结果得到具有抑制作用和促进作用的菌体。