两亲性壳聚糖制备优化及其气浮除藻研究

对壳聚糖（CTS）进行了两亲改性,通过响应曲面实验对比各因素对取代度影响的显著程度且优选出最佳的制备条件,并采用3种两亲性CTS进行了表面改性气浮（PosiDAF）除藻实验,对比了不同条件下的除藻效果且探究除藻机理.结果表明,两亲性CTS水溶性增强,但热稳定性降低;对响应值影响的显著程度为：碳链长度>反应时间>反应温度>原料投加比;以丁基N-2羟丙基三甲基壳聚糖氯化铵（C4-HTCC）为改性剂,投加量为1.0mg/L时改性气浮除藻效果最佳,可达93.47%,源于其改性的微气泡具有较强的静电吸引作用.     

Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly （sulfone） as biofilm carriers

Using the surface of poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio （G/L） 10： 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^＋-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion （3310-5653 mg TSS/L support）, which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work.     

飞机结构表面涂层体系改进研究

针对多型飞机表面涂层体系抗腐蚀性能差这一亟待解决的问题,采用制造状态、大修状态及纳米复合涂层对设计的典型飞机蒙皮对接结构模拟件进行涂装,并利用划格法对涂层体系的层间附着力进行表征。采用加速模拟环境试验的方法,对纳米复合涂层的防腐性能进行考核验证。试验结果表明,纳米复合涂层体系的层间附着力、防腐性能和耐老化性能明显优于制造状态、大修状态涂层体系,在飞机中应用纳米复合涂层可以显著改善结构的抗腐蚀品质。     

微滤过程中腐殖酸与膜表面黏附特性的试验研究

为了进一步研究微滤过程中腐殖酸对微滤膜的污染机制,通过运用原子力显微镜(AFM),结合自制的PVDF胶体探针考察了不同的pH、离子强度以及钙离子浓度等水质条件下膜-腐殖酸与腐殖酸-腐殖酸之间微观黏附力的变化趋势以及与膜的通量衰减幅度之间的相关性.结果发现,微观黏附力是膜面污染产生的根本原因.由于pH的电性中和以及离子强度的电性屏蔽作用,膜-腐殖酸以及腐殖酸-腐殖酸之间黏附力随着pH的减小或离子强度的增大都呈增大趋势;而随着钙离子浓度的增大,由于少量钙离子的"架桥"作用以及过量时的电性中和作用,两种黏附力先增大后减小.各条件下,膜-腐殖酸与腐殖酸-腐殖酸之间黏附力都呈相同的变化趋势,且与对应污染膜的通量衰减幅度具有正相关性,为更加深入了解膜污染的形成机制提供了一定的理论支持.     

模拟月尘颗粒真空辐射条件下粘附力测试技术研究

目的研究适合于真空辐射条件下颗粒粘附力的测试技术。方法采用调研、分析和计算的方法建立颗粒物粘附力测试方法。首先调研分析大气条件下颗粒粘附力的测试方法,对比分析原子力显微镜测试方法、离心测试方法、静电测试方法、振动分离测试方法以及激光测试方法的适用性。结果现有测试方法并不适用于真空辐射条件下颗粒物粘附力的测试。针对该问题建立了基于颗粒运动的粘附力分析测试方法,通过该方法可获取颗粒带电量和粘附力,给出了基于该方法的试验系统和试验装置的初步设计。结论该测试方法可行,能够满足模拟月尘颗粒粘附力测试的要求。     

Starch-Based Polymers in Extrusion Coating

The starch-based polymers exhibited shear thinning and elastic nature in rheological characterizations. Thin coatings with narrow neck-in could be produced at fairly high extrusion coating line speeds. Adhesion between the starch-based polymers and paperboard was typically weak. Water vapor barrier of starches was very poor. Soft starch grades had a good pinhole resistance and a good heat sealing performance. Brittle nature of starch caused cracking as the coated paperboards were creased.     

Bioabsorbable soy protein plastic composites: Effect of polyphosphate fillers on water absorption and mechanical properties

The use of synthetic and natural bioabsorbable plastics has been severely limited due to their low stiffness and strength properties as well as their strong tendency to absorb moisture. This research focused on the development of bioabsorbable polyphosphate filler/soy protein plastic composites with enhanced stiffness, strength, and water resistance. Bioabsorbable polyphosphate fillers, biodegradable soy protein isolate, plasticizer, and adhesion promoter were homogenized and compression-molded. Physical, mechanical, and water absorption testing was performed on the molded specimens. Results showed improvements in stiffness, strength, and water resistance with increasing polyphosphate filler content up to 20% by weight. Application of a coupling agent produced further mechanical property enhancements and a dramatic improvement in water resistance, interpreted by an interfacial chemical bonding model. Examination of the fracture surfaces of the materials revealed that the addition of the polyphosphate fillers changed the failure mode from brittle to pseudo-ductile. These results suggest that these materials are suitable for many load-bearing applications in both humid and dry environments where current soy protein plastics are not usable.     

深海压力–流速耦合环境下基于灰色系统理论的有机涂层寿命预测研究

目的 建立深海压力–流速耦合环境下有机涂层的寿命预测模型,并预测有机涂层在该环境下的服役寿命。方法 首先针对涂层的湿态附着力变化结果,基于灰色系统理论,建立湿态附着力的GM(1,1)模型。随后再基于耦合环境下的试验结果,建立涂层水传输的扩散模型。最后,在此基础上,利用灰色关联分析方法,计算这2种失效影响因素在涂层失效过程中所占的权重因子,并基于这2个影响因素建立涂层失效的数学模型。结果 经过数学统计验证和试验结果对比验证,该模型精度良好,可靠性高。结论 该模型能够对深海压力–流速耦合环境下有机涂层的寿命进行准确预测。     

Transport and Adhesion of Escherichia coli JM109 in Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT): One-Dimensional Column Study

Bacteria transport and adhesion experiments under water-saturated and partially saturated conditions were examined over a wide range of ionic strength, from 1 to 100 mM KCl, CaCl₂, and MgCl₂, and at water contents of 0.15 and 0.22 in sand columns packed with three different sands, baked, sterilized, and raw sands in order to investigate the effects of ionic strength, water content, and porous media type on the microbial adhesion in soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Well-characterized Escherichia coli JM109 were used as model bacterial cells in this study. Column study results showed that bacterial deposition rates increased with increasing ionic strength and decreasing water content, and were higher in raw sand columns than those in other sand columns. The Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory was applied to experimental results in order to consider the interaction energies between the bacterial cells and collector grains; results revealed that a considerable amount of bacterial cells was weakly deposited onto the solid surfaces in secondary minimum.     

室外钢结构冬季防腐方案

一般防腐涂料施工温度在5 ℃以上,冬季防腐施工气温低至-10 ℃,在制定防腐方案、选择防腐涂料时,通过检测、比较防腐涂料的低温施工性和防腐性能,保证防腐涂料能满足冬季施工的要求.在施工组织中,对防腐涂料进行了性能检验和现场附着力试验,对除锈要求、干膜厚度、表面质量、施工条件进行了严格控制,使整个工程的防腐质量达到要求.