藻细胞在固体表面附着特性的初步研究

针对平板式光生物反应器,以补充有碳源的SE(Brostol's solution)培养基作为普通小球藻生长的水环境,研究了载体表面粗糙度、藻细胞接种量、培养液pH值和液体流量对小球藻细胞在固体基质表面吸附特性的影响.结果表明:藻细胞在各载体表面的吸附密度均随时间进行呈现先快速增大再逐渐趋于平缓的变化趋势;在实验条件下,随载体表面粗糙度和藻液中藻细胞接种量增大,载体表面对小球藻细胞的吸附率均增大,吸附密度也增大;当藻液pH值为6左右时,小球藻在载体表面的吸附密度达到最大;液体流量为0.65 mL·min-1时,载体表面对小球藻细胞的吸附能力最强.各参数对藻细胞吸附密度影响的重要程度依次为藻细胞接种量、培养基pH值、液体流量.     

海洋污损生物藤壶的附着与防除

藤壶是海洋污损生物的主要种类之一,对环境有极强的适应性,对海洋经济的发展具有较大的阻碍性。文章在综述中国沿海藤壶的种类组成、分布、生长、附着机理的基础上,浅析了影响藤壶附着的因素,提出了针对性的防除对策。同时列举了目前主要应用的防除技术方法和低毒环保的防除材料,以及防除污损保护环境的研究思路。     

基于污染物临界粘附力的超滤动态过程的CFD模拟

针对膜污染的动态变化问题,通过计算流体力学(CFD)手段建立了中空纤维膜的二维轴对称模型,综合考虑了污染物间粘附力及水流剪切力的影响,提出有效剪切应力的概念,在模型中耦合了变形几何、自由多孔介质流动及稀物质传递3种物理场,将污染物法向积累、切向有效剪切与污染物界面处的网格速度相关联,建立了膜面污染物截留的动态模型.依据死端过滤与错流过滤的实验数据,确定出模型的匹配参数.在此基础上,研究了不同进给方式(连续流与脉冲流)对膜面污染物的影响.模拟结果表明,当水流剪切力足以克服污染物的临界粘附力时,可对膜面污染物起冲刷作用;与连续流相比,脉冲流具有更高的有效剪切速率,在对膜面污染物的冲刷作用方面更具优势.     

Wet Strength and Water Resistance of Modified Soy Protein Adhesives and Effects of Drying Treatment

Soy protein isolate (SPI) was modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Adhesion performance of the modified SPI on fiberboard was studied. The Water-soluble mass of the modified SPI adhesives was examined following modified ASTM D5570. The SDS-modified SPI containing 91% protein had a water-soluble mass of 1.7%. To be considered a water-resistant adhesive, the water-soluble mass of adhesive should be less than 2%. The wet shear strength test showed 100% cohesive failure within fiberboard, indicating that the modified SPI has good water resistance. The effect of drying treatment on adhesion performance of the SDS-modified SPI on fiberboard was then investigated. Drying treatment significantly affected the final adhesion performance. Shear strength did not change much, but the percentage of cohesive failure within fiberboard increased markedly as drying temperature increased. All the unsoaked, soaked, and wet specimens glued by the adhesives treated at 70° or 90°C had 100% cohesive failure within fiberboard. Viscosity also increased greatly with an increase in drying temperature. This information will be useful in developing low-cost adhesive processing system in the future.     

微颗粒在表面粘附的力学模型可视化研究

通过中外文数据库对微颗粒在表面粘附的力学模型研究成果进行了检索,分析发现这些模型抽象、不直观,不利于理解和研究粘附的机理,基于此,利用MATLAB软件对这些粘附力学模型进行可视化模拟,通过归纳、分析和总结评价,提出今后的研究方向.     

环氧云铁与聚氨酯涂层间剥离原因分析

目的剖析沿海某大型工程钢结构环氧云铁与聚氨酯涂层间剥离的原因。方法采用质谱分析仪剖析该聚氨酯涂料的成分,采用离子色谱仪及电导率仪检测所形成聚氨酯氟碳涂膜表面的铵基盐分,环境扫描电镜对剥离涂膜表面观察。结果聚氨酯涂料中含有高沸点溶剂三甲苯、四甲苯,在聚氨酯氟碳复合涂膜与环氧云铁界面之间存在铵基盐物质,通过电镜微观观察发现涂膜固化不完全和微孔存在。结论聚氨酯氟碳涂膜发生可剥离的原因有以下方面,由于聚氨酯涂料中含有高沸点溶剂,挥发时在涂膜中形成微孔;环氧云铁由于低温下环氧固化反应滞缓,与环境中的CO2,H2O反应,生成了氨基甲酸铵盐;氨基甲酸盐在海洋环境下形成水溶物,富集于环氧云铁涂膜和聚氨酯涂膜相粘结的界面处,降低了附着力,从而产生聚氨酯氟碳涂膜严重可剥离现象。     

细菌细胞表面疏水性及在活性污泥中粘附率影响因素研究

以4株小同菌株为对象,研究了培养基类型对细菌细胞表面疏水性的影响,及初始细胞表面疏水性、接触时间等因素与细菌在活性污泥中粘附率的关系.结果表明,培养基类型、培养时间以及菌株的自身特性均会对所培养菌种的表面疏水性产生影响;而初始细胞表面疏水性、接触时间与细菌在活性污泥中的粘附率密切相关.当接触时间较短时(<14 h),初始细胞表面疏水性是影响系统中菌种粘附量的主要因素,且存在某一临界值,当菌种的疏水率低于该值时,菌种粘附量相近,当菌种的疏水率高于该值时,粘附量明显增高,菌种可以迅速粘附到活性污泥中;而当接触时间足够长时(≥38 h),接触时间则成为系统中菌种粘附率的主要影响因素.经预接触,外投高效菌被系统完全吸附后,营养物质的投加或供氧方式的改变均不会引起被吸附菌种的再释放.     

一种新型高效净化抽油烟机原理设计

针对目前国内油烟机均为直接排放,不考虑烟气净化且粘油现象严重的现状,提出了一种全新的高效净化油烟机设计原理。与现有的油烟机相比较,其特点有:(1)室内工作空间油烟吸排彻底,油烟捕捉率高。(2)采用油烟洗涤净化方法根本解决机件管路粘油。(3)符合消防安全,具有防火功能。(4)排放洁净气体。     

汽车制动系统的匹配设计

通过对汽车制动系统的原理及结构性能的探讨,进一步掌握整车新产品开发设计中制动系统的匹配计算.     

Influence of additives in the end‐use mixes of tebufenozide on deposition,adhesion and persistence in spruce foliage

Abstract

A commercial flowable formulation of tebufenozide, RH‐5992 2F [N'‐t‐butyl‐N'‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐N‐(4‐ethylbenzoyl) hydrazine], was diluted with water, water and canola oil, and water and the methyl ester of canola oil, to provide six end‐use mixes with concentrations of 35 and 70 g of active ingredient (Al) litre^‐1. The mixes were applied at 70 and 140 g Al ha^‐1 over white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber and foliar concentrations of tebufenozide were determined over a 60‐d period. At intervals of time post‐spray, seedlings were sprayed with monosized droplets of Sunspray®11N as rainfall, and the amount of tebufenozide knocked off from foliage was determined. The potential energy of adhesion (PEA) of the Al particles on the foliage increased with time and varied according to the type of end‐use mix, its viscosity and the dosage sprayed.

The end‐use mixes were applied over white spruce trees under field conditions and persistence of tebufenozide was investigated. DT₅₀ values were influenced by the type of mix and dosage sprayed. Oil‐containing mixes and higher dosages increased the PEA of tebufenozide particles.