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11.
Uwe Witt Rolf-Joachim Müller Wolf-Dieter Deckwer 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1995,3(4):215-223
Copolyesters composed of aliphatic and aromatic compounds were synthesized by the polycondensation of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, sebacic acid, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid. By applying an appropriate ratio of aliphatic to aromatic acids, the synthesized materials proved to be biodegradable, as was verified by several degradation test methods such as aqueous polymer suspension inoculated by a soil eluate (Sturm test), a soil burial test (at ambient temperature), and a composting simulation test at 60°C. The degradability of the polyester-copolymers (measured as weight loss) was investigated with respect to the aliphatic monomer components and the fraction of terephthalic acid. Excellent biodegradability was observed even for copolymers with a content of terephthalic acid up to 56 mol% (of the acid fraction) and melting points in the range up to 140°C. Degradation by chemical hydrolysis of the polyesters was determined independently and was found to facilitate microbial attack significantly only at higher temperatures. The findings demonstrate that biodegradable polymers with advantageous usage properties can easily be manufactured by conventional techniques from commodity chemicals (adipic acid, terephthalic acid, and ethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol).Dedicated to Prof. J. Klein's 60th birthday. 相似文献
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富油煤原位热解产生的油、气等有机物会通过岩层的压裂缝进入含水层,产生一系列环境行为效应.为探究富油煤热解产物对地下水的影响,以陕北榆神府矿区富油煤与含水介质粉砂为研究对象,采用批量平衡试验,开展了粉砂对煤焦油不同组分的吸附动力学与吸附热力学研究.结果表明:粉砂对煤焦油中酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油、沥青的动力学吸附均符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附模型符合Freundlich方程,说明粉砂对5种组分的吸附为单分子层化学吸附;受富油煤热解焦油组分含量差异影响,粉砂对5种组分的吸附量表现为酚油<萘油<洗油<蒽油<沥青,其最大吸附量分别为0.4520、0.7926、1.9015、3.6336、11.8001 mg·g-1,吸附量总和占煤焦油含量的68%~85%;随着温度的升高,粉砂对5种组分的吸附能力均有所减弱,表明升高温度不利于吸附行为的进行,且反应的ΔG0<0表明粉砂对5种组分的吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主且属于放热反应. 相似文献
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用中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(V_(79)),进行次黄嘌呤—鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶位点(HGPRT Locus)试验,检测了上海市若干环境污染物的诱变性。结果发现,污染物量与诱变性之间呈剂量—反应关系。所有样品经代谢活化后(加S_9),其诱变性均有增高的趋势。卷烟焦油、油烟冷凝物的T/C值均>3,而不加S_9的黄浦江水和自来水样,则对V_(79)细胞可能具有间接的诱变作用(T/C值<3)。 相似文献
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卢春雪 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(10):195-197
为避免焦化企业化产回收工艺中焦炉煤气含焦油雾较高,可能影响后序工艺产品质量或操作,同时,造成安全隐患,目前,国内大型焦化企业普遍采用电捕焦油器,以有效清除焦油雾。但电捕焦油器在运行过程中,若控制不当极易发生火灾爆炸事故。通过介绍电捕焦油器的工作原理,分析电捕焦油器运行过程中所涉及的危险物质及运行中可能发生的火灾爆炸危险,结合火灾爆炸三要素及生产过程中遇到的实际问题,依据《焦化安全规程》(GB12710),从激发能源、煤气中含氧量的控制入手,阐述电捕焦油器安全运行条件。 相似文献
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Furimsky E 《Environmental management》2002,30(6):0872-0879
Information on the type and amount of hazardous and toxic waste is required to develop a meaningful strategy and estimate
a realistic cost for clean up of the Sydney Tar Pond site which is located on Cape Breton, in the province of Nova Scotia,
Canada. The site covers the area of the decommissioned Sysco (Sydney Steel Corporation) plant. The materials of concern include
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl),
and particulates laden with toxic metals, such as arsenic, lead, and others. The originally nontoxic materials such as soil,
blast furnace slag, and vegetation, as well as surface and ground waters, which were subsequently contaminated, must also
be included if they fail tests prescribed by environmental regulations. An extensive sampling program must be undertaken to
obtain data for an accurate estimate of the waste to be cleaned and disposed of. Apparently, 700,000 tons of toxic waste,
which is believed to be present on the site, may represent only a fraction of the actual amount. The clean-up of the site
is only part of the solution. Toxic waste has to be disposed of in accordance with environmental regulations. 相似文献
20.
醇酮废水硝酸氧化液分离己二酸的工艺研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了从以醇酮废水为原料生产混合二元酸的硝酸氧化液中分离已二酸的工艺过程和操作条件,采用结晶-活性炭脱色-重结晶的方法,先由醇酮废水硝酸氧化液中结晶分离出粗己二酸,再对粗己二酸进行脱色、重结晶,干燥得到精己二酸。己二酸的结晶条件:结晶时间180min、结晶终温不低于35℃;粗己二酸活性炭脱色条件:脱色温度75℃、活性炭加入量为粗己二酸的8%、脱色时间90min。分离出的己二酸与混合二元酸的质量比为1:2,己二酸产品的纯度为99%以上、熔点151~152℃、Pt—Co色号小于50。 相似文献