渣油-水乳化液作为路面抑尘剂的研究

为了有效抑制汽车运输路面的扬尘,选择低浓度渣油－水乳化液作为抑尘剂,通过在实验室大量的试验,掌握一组渣油乳化的最佳配方及其制备工艺,即渣油３％－６％,乳化剂约０．５％,水９３．５％－９６．５％,制备温度〉７０℃经过室内和现场大规模试验表明,当路面喷洒量达到２．２ｋｇ／ｍ＾２时,其有效抑尘时间达到１０ｄ以上,并且在一定程度起到养路的作用,长期使用可取得显著的综合经济效益。     

废旧电路板制备的酚醛树脂的研究

废旧电路板中的树脂与碳酸钙共同加热,获得气体、固体和热解油3种热解产物.以电路板的热解油为原料、以热解过程中产生的氨气为催化剂,可以合成醇溶性热解油酚醛树脂,经分析测试表明,其组成、结构和固化特征与常规工业生产的氨催化酚醛树脂的性能相近,主要性能指标:粘度、游离酚浓度和胶合强度等均可达到醇溶性酚醛树脂产品的质量要求.     

Natural attenuation of a plume from an emplaced coal tar creosote source over 14 years

An emplaced source of coal tar creosote within the sandy Borden research aquifer has documented the long-term (5140 days) natural attenuation for this complex mixture. Plumes of dissolved chemicals were produced by the essentially horizontal groundwater flowing at about 9 cm/day. Eleven chemicals have been extensively sampled seven times using a monitoring network of approximately 280, 14-point multilevel samplers. A model of source dissolution using Raoult's Law adequately predicted the dissolution of 9 of 11 compounds. Mass transformation has limited the extent of the plumes as groundwater has flowed more than 500 m, yet the plumes are no longer than 50 m. Phenol and xylenes have been removed and naphthalene has attenuated from its maximum extent on day 1357. Some compound plumes have reached an apparent steady state and the plumes of other compounds (dibenzofuran and phenanthrene) are expected to continue to expand due to an increasing mass flux and limited degradation potential. Biotransformation is the major process controlling natural attenuation at the site. The greatest organic mass lost is associated with the high solubility compounds. However, the majority of the mass loss for most compounds has occurred in the source zone. Oxygen is the main electron acceptor, yet the amount of organics lost cannot be accounted for by aerobic mineralization or partial mineralization alone. The complex evolution of these plumes has been well documented but understanding the controlling biotransformation processes is still elusive. This study has shown that anticipating bioattenuation patterns should only be considered at the broadest scale. Generally, the greatest mass loss is associated with those compounds that have a high solubility and low partitioning coefficients.     

已二酸生产副产物——混合二元酸的综合利用

采用一水合硫酸氢钠作为催化剂,催化己二酸生产副产物——混合二元酸与甲醇反应合成混合二元酸二甲酯。优化工艺条件为：混合二元酸加入量0．1mol,无水甲醇加入量0．5mol,一水合硫酸氢钠加入量4．0g,环己烷加入量20mL,反应时间1．5h。合成混合二元酸二甲酯的酯化反应收率大于97％。经气相色谱检测,产物中酯的质量分数为98．91％。一水合硫酸氢钠可重复使用3次。     

煤焦油加氢制燃料油的试验研究

实验室研究利用煤焦油研制汽柴油替代品燃料油.以高温煤焦油为原料,选择加氢保护剂、脱金属剂及加氢精制催化剂,采用加氢工艺,脱除煤焦油中硫、氮、氧和金属等有害杂质,使煤焦油中烯烃饱和,从而改善煤焦油质量,制得合格的汽油、柴油替代品燃料油.     

常州酸焦油的无害化焚烧处理方法探索

以一种典型的液态危险废弃物--常州酸焦油为研究对象,添加一定比例的电石渣混合以后,通过管式炉不同工况下的焚烧实验来研究烟气中污染物的排放特性.实验结果表明,二氧化硫的排放受焚烧温度影响很大,700℃以下未能检测到有SO2析出,800℃以上硫转化率曲线呈快速上升趋势,900℃时物料中约1/5的硫转化为气态,至1000%时,有一半的硫转化为气态.同时,增大空气流量会对SO2排放产生一定的正面影响.     

煤焦油无害化处置研究及生命周期评价

根据煤焦油的物理化学性质,提出了将煤焦油送往燃煤电厂焚烧处置的优化处置方案. 运用环境影响指标标准化和AHP权重定量法对,煤焦油处置系统进行了生命周期评价分析(LCA).结果表明,与原处置工艺相比,优化后环境负荷降低了30.79%;燃煤电厂焚烧将煤焦油焚烧产生的热能可以转化为电能,实现资源的循环利用.     

有害固体废物热解焦油特性研究

通过对几种有害固体废物(皮橡胶，废电路板，医疗废物，废油漆，污泥)的热解实验，考察了不同工况下有害固体废弃物热解焦油的特性。研究了不同工况下焦油产率的影响因素。物料特性、热解终温及加热方式，对有害固体废物热解焦油的产率有着重要的影响。在实验温度范围内，不同工况条件下，对热解焦油密度和热值进行了测定，热解焦油密度在0．75—0．95g／m1范围内，焦油热值在6．306—9．112kal／g之间，高于原始物料的热值。对不同工况下的热解焦油进行了族分分析，焦油中一般饱和烃和极性物的含量较高。     

Occurrence and attenuation of specific organic compounds in the groundwater plume at a former gasworks site

The changing contaminant pattern with travelled distance was investigated in the anaerobic groundwater plume downstream from an extended zone containing residual NAPL at a former gas manufacturing plant. With increasing distance, O- and N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds are enriched in the plume relative to the usually assessed coal tar constituents (poly- and monocyclic aromatic compounds). In a first approximation, the overall concentration decrease of the investigated compounds follows a first order overall decay. The half life distance in the plume downgradient from the source varied between 20 m for benzene and up to 167-303 m for alkyl-naphthalenes. Acenaphthene is degraded only within about 50 m downstream from the source area, then its concentration remains constant (ca. 180 microg/l) and far above the legal limit. Dimethyl-benzofurans were the most recalcitrant among all compounds which could be quantified with the analytical method available. The overall groundwater contamination in the plume is seriously underestimated if only BTEX and 16-EPA-PAHs are monitored.