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911.
Summary Various butterflies select young foliage on which to lay their eggs; volatiles emitted by young and old leaves have been compared (by sorption enrichment, followed by GC-MS) to gauge possible qualitative and quantitative differences between the two age groups. The plants investigated are cabbage (Brassica oleracea), two milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca andA. curassavica), the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and the lime (C. aurantiifolia). The chemical compounds identified belong to three classes, isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives and benzenoids. Quantitative differences were found between young and old leaves, of which a few may be characteristic of young leaves only. Thirty-four single trials withDanaus plexippus exposed to volatiles from young and old leaves are recorded. 相似文献
912.
913.
914.
Summary Chemical components of the cephalic labial gland secretion, which most likely is used as a precopulatory attracting signal, were identified in males of the cuckoo bumblebeesPsithyrus vestalis (Geoffroy) andP. bohemicus (Seidl.) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The former species has geranylcitronellyl acetate as main component, plus in decreasing amounts geranylcitronellol, an eicosadienal, an eicosenol, and an eicosenal. Another 17 fatty acid derivatives are present in minor amounts. The labial secretion ofP. vestalis differs distinctly in its chemistry from that of all of the 8 other ScandinavianPsithyrus species. In the taxonomically closely related (same subgenus)P. bohemicus, the labial gland secretion contains 16 fatty acid derivatives, of which 12 (75%) are present also in the secretion ofP. vestalis. Thus, both the labial gland secretions, and morphological traits lend support to the hypothesis that the two species share a common ancestor. The reproductive isolation between them is, at least in part, supported by the inclusion of a second biosynthetical pathway (the mevalonic acid pathway producing terpenoids) inP. vestalis, in addition to the pathway common to both species (the polyketide pathway producing fatty acid derivatives). 相似文献
915.
单甲脒在土壤中的吸附 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20
用批量平衡法研究了单四脒酸盐的活性部分-单甲脒在不同类型土壤中的吸附行为,获得了单甲脒的单位土壤有机质吸附常数(Kom)为284和吸附自由能变化量为13.99kJ.mol^-1的实验数值,研究表明,单甲脒在土壤中吸附符合Freundlich经验公式,其在土壤中的吸附系数Kd与土壤中有机质含量和阳离了交换容量均显著正相关。 相似文献
916.
Summary Preference behaviour patterns of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) towards odours in their home-stream water were measured in laboratory experiments. Stream-dwelling, sexually mature trout were captured by electrofishing in different sections of a stream, transferred to a hatchery, and exposed to water sampled from various stream sections and to neutral water, scented by fish captured in the same stream sections. The fish preferred stream water originating from their home stream over that from a neighboring stream. Among water samples from their home stream, they preferred water from the home sections over water from distant sections both upstream and downstream. In most cases they also preferred neutral water scented by other mature fish captured in their home section over water scented by fish from the distant sections. Trout from two neighboring stream sections showed indifferent responses towards water and fish from the adjacent section. The attractive properties of stream water sampled from home sections coincided with those obtained with neutral water scented by fish from the same sites. Accordingly, the attractive components in stream water may be intraspecific odours derived from separate spawning demes of fish present in local areas of the stream. 相似文献
917.
Bone charcoal is being developed as a treatment for decontaminating polluted water. In particular, its potential to adsorb metal species from contaminated water supplies is being examined. In this study, bone charcoal was used in batch and column experiments designed to investigate the sorption of two cationic metals Cu and Zn. The data from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir isotherm and so theoretical maximum binding capacities could be obtained. These values were compared with experimental values derived from the column experiments. The mechanisms involved in the immobilisation were also investigated. 相似文献
918.
919.
改性土壤对模拟含硝基苯废水的吸附 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
研究了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子(TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子(HDTMA)改性的土壤(黑土、黄棕壤、红壤)对水中硝基苯的吸附作用。结果表明:改性土壤和改性土壤均能吸附水中的硝基苯。但改性土壤对水中硝基苯的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤。改必土壤吸附硝基苯能力的顺序为1CEC-HDTMA黑土>1CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤>0.7 CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤>1 CEC-HDTMA红壤>0.7 CEC-HDTMA红壤>1 CEC-TMA黄棕壤>1 CEC-TMA红壤。未改性土壤和HDTMA改性土壤对硝基苯的吸附通过分配来进行,吸附等温线可用Henry方程表示,其lgKSOM为2.27,lgKHDTMA为2.87。 相似文献
920.
Carin Magnhagen 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(4):525-531
The connection between risk-taking behaviour and exploratory behaviour in young-of-the-year perch (Perca fluviatilis) was studied in aquarium experiments to see whether individual behaviour patterns could be identified in this species and
also to investigate how individual behaviour is influenced by their social environment. Risk-taking was defined as the time
spent foraging in an open area vs hiding in the vegetation in the presence of a piscivore. Explorative behaviour was measured
as latency to enter a passage leading to an unknown area. Groups of four fish were used for the observations, and both behaviours
measured were positively correlated with the mean scores of these behaviours in the other group members. Risk-taking and explorative
behaviours were correlated only when data was adjusted for the behaviour of the other group members. Individuals that spent
more time in the open than their companions also tended to be faster than the others to enter the passage to the unknown area
and vice versa. The results indicate that there are consistent individual differences in boldness in perch, but also that
behaviour could be modified according to the behaviour of group members. 相似文献