Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose （Na-CMC）, sodium alginate （SA）, polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）, and chitosan （CTS）, were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillusfumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes, Reactive Brilliant Blue KN- R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads （exceeding 95%）. The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

物化-厌氧-好氧-溶气吸附工艺在毛条废水治理中的应用

介绍了应用物化 厌氧 好氧 溶气吸附工艺治理毛条废水（ＣＯＤＣｒ浓度１３８０００～１５６００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的工程实例。一年多的运行情况表明ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率达９９３％。     

IVP活性炭脱硫性能的研究

采用IVP活性炭吸附法治理污水场隔油池散发的多组分含H2 S废气。研究表明 ,复杂的废气组分并未影响到该活性炭对H2 S的吸附性能 ,且由于处理的废气湿度较高 ,使吸附性能有了较大的提高     

染料中铅的测定

硝酸和双氧水进行消解 ,用石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定染料中的铅。     

玉米芯生物炭对含盐污水中氨氮的吸附特性

以玉米芯为原料制备生物炭,并采用"盐酸+超声波"改性,研究了其对含盐污水中氨氮的吸附特性。结果表明,改性玉米芯生物炭的比表面积和酸性含氧官能团含量较改性前分别提高了7.5、18.2倍,在氨氮初始质量浓度为40 mg/L、盐度为0.45%、p H值为5.0、投加量为2.5 g时,对氨氮的吸附率可达79.4%。改性玉米芯生物炭在含盐条件下对氨氮的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,理论最大吸附量为2.538 2~2.842 6 mg/g,显著高于改性前。热力学分析表明,玉米芯生物炭对含盐污水中氨氮的吸附主要为物理吸附,且是自发、放热及熵增加的过程。以HCl为解吸剂,改性前后玉米芯生物炭的最佳吸附-解吸循环次数分别为3、7次,再生后对氨氮的平衡吸附量分别为解吸前的85.1%、93.8%。     

热改性活性炭吸附甲萘威的性能

在N2保护下采用不同高温对活性炭进行热改性,得到了4种改性活性炭(AC-1至AC-4)。采用气体吸附仪、Boehm滴定、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对活性炭表面的物化性质进行了表征。通过等温吸附试验考察了改性前后活性炭对甲萘威的吸附性能,确定了最佳改性温度为600℃,探讨了活性炭的吸附能力与其表面物化性质之间的关系。结果表明:热改性使活性炭表面的物化性质发生了改变,活性炭对甲萘威的吸附量与其比表面积、孔容、表面酸性官能团和O元素含量具有显著相关性;活性炭对甲萘威的吸附行为符合准二级吸附动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,颗粒内扩散模型表明内扩散不是控制活性炭吸附速率的唯一阶段。     

湘江衡阳段沉积物对硝态氮的吸附特性研究

为探究沉积物对水体中硝态氮的吸附特性,以湘江衡阳段上游沉积物为研究对象,通过室内模拟吸附试验,探讨沉积物吸附硝态氮的影响因素、动力学规律及吸附等温线特征,并且利用SEM、FTIR等表征手段揭示吸附机理。结果表明,环境因素的改变会对硝态氮的吸附产生一定影响,泥水比的增大使沉积物的固体浓度效应明显,吸附量减小;硝态氮初始质量浓度越高,吸附量越大;温度越低越有利于沉积物对硝态氮的吸附;扰动速率偏高和偏低都会使吸附量减小。吸附过程在60 min后逐渐达到稳定,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程,以化学吸附和单分子层吸附为主。SEM表征分析表明,沉积物呈粗糙多孔的片层结构,具有较多的吸附位点;FTIR表征分析表明,沉积物对硝态氮有一定的吸附作用,沉积物中含有羟基、酰基等多种基团,与硝态氮反应的机理主要表现为置换和吸附作用。     

Towards sustainable consumption: Predicting the impact of social‐psychological factors on energy conservation intentions in Northern Cyprus

The incessant demand and consumption of energy services among individuals’ is increasing throughout the world. Individuals’ electricity consumption in Northern Cyprus has risen considerably. However, the demand for electrical energy services on the island is heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels has adverse effects on its environment. Therefore, sustainable energy consumption is required and individuals are targeted for energy conservation to reduce electricity consumption. Against this background, using the Structural Equation Modeling approach, this research incorporates social‐psychological factors; personal norms, positive and negative emotions into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to assess the relationships among the variables, explain their impact on consumers’ electricity conservation intentions and enhance the explanatory power of the model. Data was conveniently obtained from a quantitative sample of 400 electricity consumers. The results indicate that negative emotions have the strongest significant influence on intentions, but personal norms have the least effect on intentions to save electricity. Furthermore, the study revealed that our expanded TPB model can provide improved explanatory power more than the original TPB. Policy implications, limitations and future research are discussed.     

Fe2O3@SCe多相芬顿催化剂的制备及其降解放热性能

为研究多相Fenton体系降解有机污水过程的放热规律,为污水处理的能源化利用提供技术支撑,本文以半焦（SCe）为载体,制备了Fe₂O₃@SCe新型复合材料,并对复合材料进行了BET、FTIR、XRD、SEM表征,研究了Fe₂O₃@SCe/H₂O₂多相Fenton体系处理邻苯二胺（OPD）模拟废水的降解性能和放热规律.结果表明,Fe₂O₃均匀负载于SCe颗粒表面,Fe₂O₃@SCe复合材料保留了改性SCe的多孔形态和强吸附性,在3.1~8.9的pH值范围内均表现出较高的催化活性;Fe₂O₃@SCe/H₂O₂多相Fenton体系在去离子水中自身分解和在邻苯二胺模拟废水的降解反应都释放了大量的热量,在[OPD]= 0.04mol/L;pH=7.8;T₀=30℃;[H₂O₂]=0.25mol/L;[Fe₂O₃@Sce]=533g/L;t=180min反应条件下的溶液温度升高数值为7.1℃,降解率为88.2%; H₂O₂的投加浓度是影响反应放热量的主要因素.     

天然沸石合成A型分子筛的吸附与再生特性

针对污水厂尾水深度脱氮问题,以某地产天然沸石为原料,采用水热合成法制备了纯度较高、晶型规整、大小均一、吸附量大的A型分子筛.系统考察了其对氨氮的吸附及再生特性,并结合Zeta电位、FTIR以及XRD对其氨氮吸附与再生机理进行了分析.结果表明：准一级和准二级反应动力学均能较好地反映A型分子筛吸附氨氮过程,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,对氨氮的最大饱和吸附量为41.68mg/g;吸附饱和的分子筛再生利用方法简便易行,经2mol/L NaCl溶液解吸后能够恢复其吸附能力,5次吸附-解吸再生率均在95%以上;其吸附与再生过程均为Na⁺与NH₄⁺的离子交换反应,吸附与再生互为可逆过程.该方法为污水厂深度脱氮提供了一条经济可行的新思路.