有机污染物在白洋淀地区水陆交错带土壤颗粒物上的吸附

通过静态吸附实验,探讨了亲水性的苯酚和新脂性的对氯苯酚,在白洋淀地区水陆交错带－芦苇地中的天然颗粒物上的吸队规律。对于亲水性有机物,它在颗粒物上的吸附符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附,平衡浓度ｃｅ的对数与吸附率ｑ的对数呈直线关系;而亲脂性有机物的吸附则符合Ｌｉｎｅａｒ吸附关系,即平衡浓度ｃｅ１与吸附率ｑ１之间呈直线关系,且吸附量明显高于亲水性的有机物。     

Experimental investigation of groundwater contamination by surface sources: Determination of adsorption capacity,diffusion, and sorption potential of selected anions in different soils

The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e^(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e^(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively.     

光助MIL-101(Fe)活化过氧化氢氧化洛克沙胂及同步吸附生成的砷酸根

采用铁基金属有机框架(MIL-101(Fe))在模拟太阳光下活化过氧化氢氧化降解ROX—吸附去除生成的砷酸根.结果表明,光助MIL-101(Fe)(250mg/L)活化氧化剂H2O2(1.0mmol/L)体系可在120min内实现95.27％的ROX去除率,反应过程中形成的无机砷酸盐(As(Ⅴ))会吸附在MIL-101...     

一个烟厂除味系统

在对烟草进行加工制烟的过程中 ,会产生一定量的异味气体 ,污染烟厂及周围环境。在此介绍了某卷烟厂除味系统的基本原理、系统组成及运行情况。初步的运行表明该除味系统除味效率可达 95 %。     

活性炭吸附室内空气中挥发性有机化合物

活性炭吸附室内空气中挥发性有机化合物的１０％穿透时间与气相浓度及挥发性有机化合物的种类有关,通过对苯、甲苯和丙酮的实验研究,得出了由高浓度估算室内低浓度时炭床１０％穿透时间的经验公式ｔｂ,１＝ｔｂ,ｈ（Ｃ０,１／Ｃ０,ｈ）＾ａ,其中ａ值是与炭床性能及挥发性有机化合物种类有关的参数,可通过实验确定。     

Occupational risks and the value and modelling of a measurement of severity

In studies of occupational risks, severity, which is a component of the estimation of every risk, appears as a multifaceted entity assessable according to numerous criteria. A method of measuring the degree of severity of the consequences of potentially dangerous events would be of undeniable value to organisations seeking to improve their understanding of the complexity of such events. The need to control severity is highlighted by scientifically acquired improvements in the understanding of occupational risks, by certain new regulatory obligations in Europe, and by some requirements in the financial management of organisations. We put forward a statistical way of integrating several constituent elements of severity and hence of determining a relevant, synthetic, one-dimensional index. This is achieved by means of principal component analysis (PCA), which is used here to calculate a resultant severity, as in some physical measurements. We also investigate how severity may be statistically modelled, with the aim of contributing to the quantitative assessment of occupational risks. The choice of parametric models is detailed and illustrated by the search for a suitable model for workplace accidents in an organisational setting. The practical value of modelling severity is two-fold. First, one is able to study the distribution of the numerical values of severity over a continuum (a theoretically infinite numerical set) rather than through a limited number of arbitrarily defined categories. Second, with a generally applicable parametric model, one can estimate the law of probability of a measurement of severity in a particular situation, notably recent or new. Lastly, the statistical concept of risk curve is defined and discussed. The goal is to incorporate the severity component into the risk assessment in the form of a probability law, thus circumventing the difficulties associated with an analysis of scenarios.     

火焰原子吸收测定中的背景吸收和基体干扰

为了探讨火焰原子吸收法测定成分复杂样品时干扰的影响,采用扣除背景的方法来排除背景吸收,采用标准加入法来消除基体干扰的影响。通过对上述方法的对比实验,绘制相应的工作曲线图,能直观、准确地反映出背景吸收和基体干扰对样品测定的影响程度。扣背景和采用标准加入法两者结合使用能达到使样品测定结果准确可靠的目的。     

活性炭纤维的表面结构及其吸附模式

迄今的吸附模式,Henry定律、Langmuir模型、BET模型、D-R方程、D-A方程都分别适用于不同的表面结构,对于活性炭纤维（Activated Corbon Fiber,ACF）这种特殊的炭吸附材料适用于哪种吸附模型,未见有文献专题论述。本论文在对ACF材料进行了大量表面结构研究的基础上,对ACF的表面结构与颗粒活性炭（GranularActivated Carbon,GAC）的表面进行了对比,并尝试性地对适用于ACF的吸附模式进行了计算和比较,得到了一些有价值的结论。     

龙口褐煤对Ni^2＋,Mn^2＋,Hg^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特性

本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ｎｉ＾２,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：褐煤对Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的吸附均表现出Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ特征,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。     

氧气和水蒸气对球状活性炭吸附SO2能力的影响

研究了Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ对沥青基球状活性炭（ＰＳＡＣ）吸附ＳＯ２能力的影响。结果表明,Ｏ２和ＳＯ２占据不同的活性中心,而Ｈ２Ｏ和ＳＯ２占据同一类活性中心,且ＳＯ２与活性中心的结合能力比Ｈ２Ｏ强得多。Ｏ２或Ｈ２Ｏ均能提高ＰＳＡＣ对ＳＯ２的吸附能力。ＳＯ２吸附量的增加来源于ＳＯ２的化学吸附量。