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991.
992.
采用水热法合成Mg-AI型水滑石(LDHs),研究LDHs及其焙烧产物C-LDHs对水溶液中F^-的吸附行为,并用X射线衍射和热重分析对LDHs,C-LDHs以及吸附F^-后的C-LDHs(R-LDHs)的结构和性质进行了表征.结果表明:LDHs对水溶液中的F^-基本没有吸附,而C-LDHs对F^-有较大的吸附容量,同时,酸性的增强有利于C-LDHs对F^-的吸附.C-LDHs对F^-吸附4h后可达到吸附平衡.通过吸附F^-,C-LDHs的结构由吸附前的混合氧化物固溶体恢复到层状结构,表明C-LDHs对水溶液中F^-的高吸附性能是因为其具有较强的“记忆效应”. 相似文献
993.
Summary Various butterflies select young foliage on which to lay their eggs; volatiles emitted by young and old leaves have been compared (by sorption enrichment, followed by GC-MS) to gauge possible qualitative and quantitative differences between the two age groups. The plants investigated are cabbage (Brassica oleracea), two milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca andA. curassavica), the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and the lime (C. aurantiifolia). The chemical compounds identified belong to three classes, isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives and benzenoids. Quantitative differences were found between young and old leaves, of which a few may be characteristic of young leaves only. Thirty-four single trials withDanaus plexippus exposed to volatiles from young and old leaves are recorded. 相似文献
994.
995.
Differential use of stored sperm during oviposition in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens xanthostoma (Charpentier) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Female Calopteryx splendens xanthostoma (Charpentier) (Odonata), have two discrete sperm storage organs, the bursa copulatrix and the paired spermathecae. We used
the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) profiling technique to determine from which sperm storage organ spermatozoa were used to fertilise eggs during behaviourally
distinct oviposition bouts. During oviposition bouts following remating sperm from the bursa copulatrix are largely used to
fertilise eggs, but when females avoid remating before an oviposition bout the sperm used to fertilise eggs are derived mainly
from the paired spermathecae. Our observations suggest that female C. s. xanthostoma can avoid male paternity assurance mechanisms by a combination of behavioural and anatomical adaptation: the reason(s) they
do so is unclear.
Received: 28 November 1995/Accepted after revision: 5 August 1996 相似文献
996.
Oliver Schülke Peter M. Kappeler Hans Zischler 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,55(3):293-301
Sperm competition will be the inevitable consequence of polyandrous mating behavior if two or more males inseminate a single female. It has been demonstrated for a wide variety of animals that males adapt to this situation behaviorally, physiologically and morphologically, e.g. by evolving relatively large testes size to produce more sperm. All pair-living primates investigated so far were found to have relatively small testes, suggesting a monandrous mating system. We investigated the relationship between extra-pair paternity (EPP) rate as a measure of sperm competition intensity and relative testes size in a pair-living primate, the fork-marked lemur (Phaner furcifer). Paternity exclusion analyses for seven offspring using six polymorphic DNA-microsatellite markers suggested a high EPP rate. Female nocturnal travel distances were longer during the mating season, suggesting that females take an active role in achieving extra-pair copulations (EPCs). Surprisingly, fork-marked lemur testes size was relatively small compared to 23 other lemuroid primates, a result that is in contrast to predictions of sperm competition theory. Neither possible behavioral and morphological adaptations to an alternative paternity guard (i.e. mate guarding), nor sampling biases, phylogenetic constraints, and population density effects explain the absence of large testes in a species with high EPP, a phenomenon also known from birds with moderate to low EPP rates. We conclude that more data are needed on the frequency of EPCs, the timing of in-pair and extra-pair copulations, as well as the role of female choice, to explain why males of some species apparently do not adapt to sperm competition.Communicated by S. Alberts 相似文献
997.
改性土壤对模拟含硝基苯废水的吸附 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
研究了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子(TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子(HDTMA)改性的土壤(黑土、黄棕壤、红壤)对水中硝基苯的吸附作用。结果表明:改性土壤和改性土壤均能吸附水中的硝基苯。但改性土壤对水中硝基苯的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤。改必土壤吸附硝基苯能力的顺序为1CEC-HDTMA黑土>1CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤>0.7 CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤>1 CEC-HDTMA红壤>0.7 CEC-HDTMA红壤>1 CEC-TMA黄棕壤>1 CEC-TMA红壤。未改性土壤和HDTMA改性土壤对硝基苯的吸附通过分配来进行,吸附等温线可用Henry方程表示,其lgKSOM为2.27,lgKHDTMA为2.87。 相似文献
998.
Copulatory plugs do not assure high first male fertilisation success: sperm displacement in a lizard
Pedro L. Moreira Vera L. Nunes José Martín Octávio S. Paulo 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(2):281-288
Sperm competition selects for opposing male defensive and offensive reproductive traits, and its outcome may be determined
by the effectiveness to which one trait has evolved to out-compete the other. We tested the effectiveness of a first male
plug physical interference with a second male insemination (defence) vs the effectiveness of plug and associated sperm displacement
by a second male (offence) on the outcome of sperm competition in Iberian rock lizards. We conducted a double mating experiment
where we compared the proportion of eggs per clutch fertilised by the same second males (against the same first males) when
they copulated with females 30 min (first male plug adhered firmly inside the female cloaca) and 4 h (first male plug loosely
adhered or shed from the female cloaca) after first males. We found that second males fertilised the majority of the eggs
per clutch in the 30-min treatment, whereas fertilisations were equally shared between the two males in the 4-h treatment.
These results show that plugs have little defensive effectiveness, and thus, do not assure high first male fertilisation success.
Instead, sperm displacement appears to be associated with plug displacement. That is, because sperm embedded in first male
plugs, and displaced from competition for fertilisations by second males, is expected to increase in number with decreasing
time allowed for female sperm transport, second males thus enjoy higher fertilisation success. This study shows that offensive
plug displacement out-competes plug defensive role in Iberian rock lizards. Moreover, it reveals sperm displacement as a novel
sperm competition mechanism in reptiles. 相似文献
999.
几种粘土矿物和粘土对溶液中磷的吸附效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过磷等温吸附与饱和吸附后释放试验,研究了高岭土、蒙脱土、凹凸棒土、蛭石和沸石对溶液中磷的吸附效果及其影响因素。结果表明,蛭石磷理论饱和吸附量最大,为3473mg·kg-1,其他依次为凹凸棒土、黄褐土、蒙脱土、下蜀黄土和沸石,高岭土磷理论饱和吸附量最低,为554mg·kg-1。影响粘土矿物和粘土磷理论饱和吸附量的主要因素是钙含量和胶体氧化铁及氧化铝的含量,pH值、阳离子交换量和比表面对磷理论饱和吸附量影响不大,粘土矿物和粘土吸附磷的机制主要为化学吸附。粘土矿物和粘土磷饱和吸附后释放试验表明其磷释放量很低。 相似文献
1000.
We analyzed how offspring sex ratio varies with maternal condition in order to obtain evidence on the population structure in two aphid species with different life cycles. When fitness returns per unit investment differ for the production of daughters and sons, selection will favor an increasing investment into the sex with the higher returns. Therefore, the offspring sex ratios of individual mothers should become more biased towards the sex with the higher fitness returns as their condition or fecundity improves. The pattern of sex ratio adjustment we found in Uroleucon cirsii indicates local mate competition among males, while the pattern we found in Rhopalosiphum padi suggests local resource competition among sexual females. This might be the first evidence for local resource competition among females in an invertebrate species. Local mate competition means that fitness returns are limited by the availability of females as mates within local breeding groups, whereas local resource competition means that fitness returns are limited by the availability of resources for females competing within local groups. We discuss how the life cycles of both species fit to these hypotheses.
相似文献
Joachim L. DaggEmail: Phone: +49-551-393730Fax: +49-551-3912105 |