Climate Change and Energy Technologies

The long time scale of the climate change problem and the inherent nature of the carbon cycle bring important implications for present technology development efforts. Even if major technology improvements are achieved for non-carbon-emitting technologies such as energy-intensity improvements, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear over the course of the 21^st century, most examinations of potential future greenhouse emissions conclude that additional technology development will be required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. The evelopment of an expanded suite of technologies including carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen systems and biotechnology hold the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper examines these technologies in the context of a global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, land-use, economics, and carbon cycle processes.     

树脂吸附法处理煤气废水的试验研究

煤气废水是煤气加压气化后的废弃产物,物质成分复杂，是污水处理的难题。树脂法水处理广泛应用在水处理中。依据树脂吸附原理，采用大孔径吸附树脂、超高交联树脂和络合吸附树脂,对煤气废水的处理过程及使用效果进行了一系列试验研究，确定了固定床吸附工艺是煤气废水生化水处理的前提及其经济适用性。     

CrⅥ adsorption on four typical soil colloids: equilibrium and kinetics

It is observed that the adsorption of chromium are greater on kaolinite minerals, red soil (R) and laterite (L) colloids than that on montmorillonite, indicotic black (IB) and yellow brown (YB) soil colloids. The adsorption process of CrⅥ on these media can be further described by Langmuir or Freundlich equation quite well. The adsorption reaction of CrⅥ is fast, and the adsorption equilibrium can be reached within the first two hours in moderate temperature. The adsorption quantity of CrⅥ to kaolinite mineral increased with the increasing pH in the range of 2.0 to 7.0, then decreased at higher pH. But it showed some consistence among the four soil colloids. The lower the pH, the stronger the adsorption. The possible mechanisms are further discussed here. Meanwhile the influence of temperature on CrⅥ adsorption on different soil colloid and clay minerals are also investigated.     

改性稻草吸附铜离子的动力学机理

研究表明稻草改性后吸附铜离子的能力得到很大提高。研究表明吸附相当好地符合假二级吸附速率模型,测定了在4个温度下(15℃,27℃,37℃,50℃)的吸附速率常数。吸附平衡可用Langmiur吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型处理。讨论了pH对吸附的影响。     

强化生物吸附法处理生活污水

通过对强化生物吸附反应器的生物培养与驯化、反应时间、强化微生物活性、污泥回流比等因素的研究 ,确立了强化生物吸附工艺的正常运行参数 ,为该工艺的设计提供了理论依据。采用强化生物吸附法处理生活污水 ,可以减少生活污水常规处理的构筑物 ,对COD ,BOD5,SS ,NH3 N均有较好的去除效果 ,适量投加混凝剂可以提高出水水质     

Protozoan colonization on artificial substrates in relation to water quality in a tropical Indian harbour

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北方庭院生态系统能量分析及养分平衡研究

以基于食用菌生产的北方庭院生态系统为研究对象，通过对沈阳南郊一典型农户庭院生态系统的能量分析与养分平衡研究表明，该庭院生态系统的产品总输出能为４１８７２１４ＭＪ／ａ，其中平菇产品的生物能占６５４％；输入输出系统的Ｎ、Ｐ２Ｏ５及Ｋ２Ｏ基本上保持着养分平衡；该庭院生态系统是一个生产力高、综合效益可观的系统，对指导该地区农村庭院生态系统建设具有重要的现实意义。     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

合成水滑石治理水体阴离子染料污染研究

利用不同层电荷的合成水滑石（层状双氢氧化物）和它们的焙烧态为吸附剂，系统考察了此类材料对于甲基橙染料的吸附保留行为，通过粉末X射线衍射，傅立叶红外和扫描电镜测试说明经水热处理得到的合成水滑石具有良好的结晶度和相纯度．水滑石及其焙烧态对于甲基橙阴离子染料的吸附研究主要采用间歇平衡法实验，吸附体系的电导率变化显示了水滑石的记忆效应，并有可能是焙烧态水滑石再生的动态过程反应低浓度甲基橙在焙烧态水滑石上的吸附实验说明，水滑石层电荷密度对于其焙烧态氧化物吸附低浓度阴离子具有显著的影响。     

污水汽提重沸器试运综述

对武汉分公司两套污水汽提装置的重沸器进行试运，调查测试排水车间现有装置节水与节能的平衡点。通过试运，掌握了两台重沸器与相应单塔之间的负荷差值数据，制订出了装置节能运行方案，实现节水、节能双赢。