吸附-磁性分离法处理含油污水的研究

本文提出了吸附-磁性分离法处理含油污水的新工艺。研究了粘土作为吸附剂在此工艺中对矿物油、COD、浊度和色度的去除效果;比较了膨润土、活性炭、煤泥、高岭土等的处理效果。对处理水中悬浮物的沉降性能以及粘土吸附剂的再生等作了初步探讨。在推荐的流程下,可使出水中矿物油<2ppm、COD<100ppm SS<1ppm。     

Removal of heavy metals through adsorption using sand

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高硫煤基高比表面积活性炭吸附处理焦化废水的研究

采用高硫煤基高比表面积活性炭对焦化废水进行吸附处理,研究了吸附温度、活性炭投加量、吸附时间等工艺条件对处理效果的影响,并对活性碳的再生进行了初步探讨.结果表明,在32℃时,活性炭投加量1g/50 mL,吸附3h后,焦化废水中氨氮去除率为23.4%,苯酚去除率为85.8%,COD去除率可达90%.该活性炭能够进行有限的再生利用.     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

污水灌区土壤盐分动态研究

以天津东郊污灌区(慢速渗滤系统)为试验点,总结了土壤盐分的变化规律,并以粮地、菜地、稻地为代表分析了土壤中盐分变化动态,用污灌区土壤盐分动态平衡公式C_K-C_h=C_B-C_O测算,结果表明,只要灌区排水条件好,加上合理的科学灌溉,污灌区土壤盐分变化趋势是脱盐占主导地位,土壤中的钠吸附比(SAR)有所改善,土壤质量有所提高.     

浙江省四种类型土壤酸缓冲性能初析

用酸定量回漓和土壤BS-pH缓冲曲线定性比较浙江省四种类型土壤酸缓冲性能的强弱.结果表明,酸性淋溶土缓冲能力虽较弱,但缓冲区出现范围较宽(BS20—80％)且缓冲性能较持久.近中性水成土则大体相反.四种土壤对SO_4~(2-)的吸附容量甚大,吸附过程符合Freundlich方程表述的规律.水和1.0 mol/L KNO_3对土壤吸附态SO_4~(2-)解吸率甚低(<40％).     

土壤对SO_4~(2-)的吸附-解吸特征

研究区两类主要农业土壤在实验温度和吸附平衡液浓度相同时,酸性淋溶土(红壤、黄红壤)SO_4~(2-)吸附量均高于近中性水成土 (水稻土、潮土),与土壤游离Fe,Al含最呈显著正相关,吸附过程均符合Freundlich和Ternkin方程描述规律:低温(10℃)时吸附量均高于常温 (25℃),表明吸附系放热反应,有利于冬,春酸雨频仍季节土壤对SO_4~(2-)的固定,研究表明土壤吸附过程由快速反应(0—4h)和慢速反应(4—48h)两部份组成,且符合反映吸附机制较复杂的多级动力学反应规律,0.01mol/l Ca(NO_3)_2和1.0mol/l NaCl对土壤吸附态SO_4~(2-)的解吸率较高,表明SO_4~(2-)主要被土壤吸附于带正电荷的氧化物胶体表面,离子交换可逆吸附机制似占较大优势。     

有机物在水/有机膨润土界面的化学行为

研究了苯酚、苯胺、对硝基苯酚等极性或可离子化有机物在不／有机膨润土界面的化学行为，定量描述了表面吸附和分配作用对双阳离子有机膨润土吸附作用的相对贡献率及影响因素。结果表明，表面吸附和分配作用的相对贡献率大小与改性时加入的双阳离子表面活性剂的组成与配比有关。双阳离子有机膨润土40TMAB／60DTAB和40TMAB／200TMAB对苯酚的吸附，在低浓度时以表面吸附为主，在高浓度时以分配作用为主。     

Ⅱ.尾矿砂对重金属的吸附作用

本文研究了尾矿砂颗粒对Cu,pb,Cd三种重金属离子的吸附作用,以及各种环境条件因素对颗粒表面吸附作用的影响。实验结果表明,细微尾矿砂颗粒对溶液中的重金属离子具有较强烈的吸附作用,并且强烈地依赖于溶液的pH。根据表面络合反应,对尾矿砂颗粒表面基团可能参与的表面络合反应和吸附的重金属形态进行了讨论,并应用简化络合反应模式,求取了尾矿砂颗粒与Cu,Pb,Cd的表面络合形成的条件稳定常数pK_(ad)。     

The Adsorption of Lead and Copper from Aqueous Solution on Modified Peat–Resin Particles

Raw peat was modified with sulfuric acid, then mixed modified with resin to prepare the modified peat–resin particles. Using the batch experimental systems, the removal of heavy metals (copper and lead) on the modified peat–resin particles was investigated. The data of the adsorption isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir equation well. The adsorption rate of heavy metals on modified peat–resin particles was very swift. The removal processes of heavy metals on modified peat–resin particles could be well described by pseudo-second order model. The adsorption rate of lead was affected by the initial heavy metal concentration, initial pH, particle size, agitation speed and particle mass. In the adsorption of heavy metals (lead and copper) on the modified peat–resin particles, ion exchange was the major reaction mechanism. Desorption data showed that the lead adsorbed by modified peat–resin particle could be desorbed by 0.5 N or 1.0 N HNO₃. The desorption rate was swift. The experiments indicated that the modified peat–resin particles have great potential for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.