微生物絮凝剂诱变菌最佳培养条件及化学成分

从活性污泥中分离、筛选出絮凝率在80%以上的菌一株。通过培养液中絮凝活性的分布测定,发现絮凝剂属于细胞代谢产物,用化学分析的部分分析方法对絮凝剂粗提物进行检测,发现其成分主要为糖。通过生长曲线的测定,选定菌的诱变在培养72h以后进行。经过三代诱变,得到了稳定性好且絮凝率高的诱变菌。通过絮凝剂制备工艺及工艺参数的研究,确定了其最佳培养条件。     

呼和浩特市空气颗粒物影响因素研究

选择呼和浩特市城东腾飞路中段为研究地,在内蒙古环境监测中心站实验大楼楼顶设置空气质量自动监测点,于2009年11月至2012年12月连续3年对该区域空气质量进行研究性监测。采用数理统计方法,对实测数据进行分析和研究,利用AQI评价的结果显示,颗粒物已经成为影响当地空气质量的主要污染物;PM2.5/PM10年平均值为0.47,随季节变化明显,春夏季比值偏小(春季为0.361,夏季为0.398),秋冬季比值偏大(秋季为0.499,冬季为0.635);受风速和湿度影响明显,比值与风速在0.01水平上呈现显著负相关,与湿度呈现显著正相关;利用3年污染物数据建立回归方程,经检验所建立的方程有效,说明其他污染物对PM2.5浓度变化有较显著影响。     

稀释倍数法测定污水色度的方法

研究选择了有代表性的6种色调的污水样品为研究对象,系统比较了不同色调、不同人员、不同稀释方法对测定结果的影响。选用红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫6种不同色调的样品进行测定,绿色、蓝色和黄色的测定结果分散在2个倍数之间,其中绿色的集中度高达84%。红色、橙色、紫色分散在3个倍数之间,紫色的集中度高达100%。对比自然倍数稀释法、偶数倍稀释法和2n倍稀释法,这3种方法同时测定红色调的样品,其测定结果的区间是相同的,集中区域内的人员分别占总人数的71%、83%和94%。结果表明:用1名实验人员使用自然倍数稀释法对样品进行单次分析作为色度测定的方法是有效的。     

Grouping and representativeness of monitoring stations based on wind speed and wind direction data in urban areas of Japan

Data on wind speed and wind direction from 27 air pollution monitoring stations in an urban area of Japan were analyzed and studied for the future assessment of the urban heat island phenomenon. A cluster analysis clarified the regionality of the wind speed and wind direction. In the study area, land and sea breeze developed and controlled the wind direction. On the other hand, the mountain and valley wind should be studied to determine their typical behavior.     

小秦岭金矿区矿山地质环境研究

为了了解小秦岭金矿区的地质环境,选用目前应用广泛的物元评价法、模糊数学评价法、灰色聚类评价法建立了地质环境评价模型,对小秦岭金矿区的地质环境进行了综合评价,结果表明,该地区的地质环境整体较好,局部地区已经严重恶化,同时,结合该地区的实际情况,提出了改善该地区地质环境质量的具体意见。     

采样条件对固定排放源废气中氯化氢测定的影响

研究了采样条件对固定排放源废气中氯化氢测定的影响。结果发现,采样条件对测定的准确度影响极大,过低的吸收液浓度会导致测定结果严重偏低,进入吸收装置的气体温度过低时也会导致测定结果偏低。目前常用的采样条件(包括有些标准中规定的采样条件)都不合适。推荐合适的Na OH吸收液浓度为2.0 mol/L,合适的进入吸收装置的气体温度为110℃以上。     

太湖蓝藻预警采样点位布设与采样层次的研究

蓝藻水华的聚集和分布与气象条件有着密切的关系.根据近几年蓝藻预警监测及科研的实践,分析了风向对蓝藻迁移的影响,以及不同深度的藻密度变化情况.以此为依据,对太湖蓝藻监测时采样点位布设与采样层次选择的方案进行了比较研究,并提出了优化方案,为环太湖地区的相关部门更好地开展蓝藻预警监测工作提供了科学依据.     

Dispersion in Urban Environments; Comparison of Field Measurements with Wind Tunnel Results

A wind tunnel study was performed to determine the dispersion characteristics of vehicle exhaust gases within the urban canopy layer. The results were compared with those from a field monitoring station located in a street canyon with heavy traffic load. The agreement found was fair. In the second part of the paper it is shown how wind tunnel data can be utilized to supplement and thereby enhance the value of field data for model validation purposes. Uncertainty ranges were quantified which are inherent to mean concentration values measured in urban streets.     

Comparison of Numerical Street Dispersion Models with Results from Wind Tunnel and Field Measurements

Numerical dispersion models developed and validated in different European countries were applied to data sets from wind tunnel and field measurements. The comparison includes the Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) and the microscale flow and dispersion model MISKAM. The latter is recommended for application in built-up areas in the draft of the new German guideline VDI 3782/8. In a first step the models were applied to simplified street configurations. Different parameters as length and height of adjacent buildings and the angle of the incoming flow were varied. The results were compared to recent wind tunnel measurements. In a second step the models were applied to two extensively investigated field data sets from Jagtvej, Copenhagen and G ttinger Straße, Hannover. Intensified and more transparent and accessible validation procedures would be helpful for the thorough user.     

空气质量监测中标准状态对测定结果的影响及建议

环境空气质量标准中各种污染物的浓度限值是评价、考核空气质量状况的基本依据。为了保证在不同时空、不同环境状况下监测数据的可比性,各个国家或组织在制定的空气质量标准中对标准状态(温度和压力)进行了定义。但是,由于标准状态定义不同,即使是同一环境状况下的同一实测结果进行标化计算后的污染物浓度也不相同,达不到可比性的基本原则。因此,建议中国在未来修订空气质量标准所采用的标准状态,进一步与国际接轨。