循环流化床烟气脱硫机理研究

对影响脱硫效率的关键因素进行了分析,同时进行了实验验证,认为水分的蒸发是主要影响因素,而流化床的运行温度和床内的相对湿度则是影响循环床脱硫效率的主要运行参数,对排烟循环流化床的床料进行了电镜扫描分析。结果表明,床料的再循环,一方面为脱硫剂的再循环提供了载体,另一方面,扩大了脱硫反应的面积,提高了脱硫效率。     

生物技术在有机废气处理中的研究进展

生物法净化有机废气主要有生物吸收法、生物滤池和生物滴滤池等几种形式。与传统的有机废气处理方法相比,生物技术具有费用低、处理效率高、安全性好及无二次污染等特点,在德国、荷兰、日本及北美等国得到广泛应用。     

Bird Species Assemblages as Indicators of Biological Integrity in Great Basin Rangeland

The study evaluates the potential for bird species assemblages to serve as indicators of biological integrity of rangelands in the Great Basin in much the same way that fish and invertebrate assemblages have been used as indicators in aquatic environments. Our approach was to identify metrics of the bird community using relatively simple sampling methods that reflect the degree of rangeland degradation and are consistent over a variety of vegetation types and geographic areas. We conducted the study in three range types (i.e., potential natural plant community types) in each of two widely separated areas of the Great Basin: south-eastern Idaho (sagebrush steppe range types) and west-central Utah (salt-desert shrub range types). Sites were selected in each range type to represent three levels of grazing impact, and in Idaho included sites modified for crested wheatgrass production. Birds were sampled by point counts on 9 100-m radius plots at 250-m spacing on each of 20 sites in each area during the breeding season. In sagebrush-steppe, 964 individuals in 8 species of passerine birds were used in analyses. Five metrics were significantly related to impact class, both when analyzed within range type and when analyzed with all range types combined. Species richness, relative abundance of shrub obligate species, and relative abundance of Brewer's sparrow were generally lower for the higher impact classes, whereas the reverse was true for dominance by a single species and for relative abundance of horned larks. In contrast, total number of individuals did not differ significantly as a function of impact class. In salt-desert shrub, a total of 843 birds in 4 species were included in analyses, 98% of which were horned larks. None of the metrics identified above was significantly related to impact class. Two metrics for breeding birds in sagebrush steppe (species richness and dominance) showed little overlap between values for the extremes of impact class, and thus they have potential as indicators of biological integrity. However, the sensitivity of these metrics appears to be greatest at the high impact end of the spectrum, which suggests they may have limited utility in distinguishing between sites having light and moderate impact.     

生活废弃物焚烧处置烟气中二(口恶)英排放特性研究

研究了某市10座生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二噁英的排放特性,对比了焚烧炉炉型、焚烧处理量、烟气净化系统对二噁英排放特性的影响.结果表明:10座生活垃圾焚烧炉二噁英的排放浓度为0.016~0.104 ng·Nm~(-3)(以I-TEQ计),9座垃圾焚烧炉二噁英排放满足国家相应的排放标准(0.1 ng·Nm~(-3)(以I-TEQ计)).根据二噁英排放浓度排序对应的烟气净化系统分别为SNCR(Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction)+半干法+活性炭喷射+布袋湿法+活性炭喷射+布袋半干法+活性炭喷射+布袋,表明安装SNCR装置有利于二噁英的减排.另外,不同垃圾焚烧炉排放的二噁英指纹特性不仅与烟气净化系统和炉型有关,还与垃圾来源有一定关联.     

新型生物脱氮技术的工艺研究

以上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（ Ｕ Ａ Ｓ Ｂ） 作为厌氧氨氧化（ａｎａｍ ｍｏｘ） 反应器,用无机盐培养液完成了反应器的启动,并稳态运行ａｎａｍ ｍｏｘ 反应器．采用生物膜反应器作为生物硝化反应器,以无机盐培养液完成反应器的启动．将硝化反应器和ａｎａｍｍｏｘ 反应器组合在一起构成新型生物脱氮系统,以硝化反应器的出水作为ａｎａｍｍｏｘ反应器的进水,同时补充相应数量的 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ．整个系统的总氮容积去除率可达１ ５７７ ｍｇ Ｌ－ １ ｄ － １ ．该新型生物脱氮系统能同时去除 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ 和 Ｎ Ｏ Ｘ－ Ｎ,并且对高浓度的 Ｎ Ｈ４ ＋ Ｎ 去除具有较大的潜力．     

生化防护材料的探讨

本文详述了生化防护材料的种类、性能特点,与防护服配件的协调、使用耐久性能以及成本等问题,得出了生化防护材料选用及设计的一般性结论。     

人工湿地系统植物床内CODcr动态变化规律探讨

人工湿地处理污水系统植物床内各监测点的上、下层 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ值虽有一定的差别,但经过成对平均数比较分析发现这种差别并未形成明显的趋势。污水在植物床基质中流动时,随着迁移距离的延长,其中的 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ的降解速率呈现先快后慢的趋势,根据形成的动态变化曲线,建立了 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ在植物床内沿程动态变化模型： Ｃ Ｌ＝ Ｃｏｅｘｐ（４６２９×１０－ ５ Ｌ２－ ００１５６７ Ｌ,０≤ Ｌ≤１００）。经验证,模型预测值与实际监测值呈非常显著相关（ｄｆ＝ ４,ｒ≥０９９４６＞ ｒ００００５（４）,ｒ００００５（４）＝ ０９７４１）。     

A/O~2法在炼油污水处理中的应用

为探索Ａ／Ｏ２（厌氧Ａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃ／好氧Ｏｘｉｃ／好氧Ｏｘｉｃ）法在处理炼油污水中的应用,进行了Ａ／Ｏ２法中型试验,验证ＮＨ３－Ｎ容积负荷与去除率之间的关系,以及溶解氧、含油量对处理效果的影响等几项内容。Ａ／Ｏ２法应用于炼油污水的处理是可行的,对ＣＯＤ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ、油、酚、ＳＳ等有很好的处理效果。将Ａ／Ｏ２法应用于济南炼油厂,各构筑物运转正常,处理效果很好,完全达到国家排放标准。Ａ／Ｏ２用来处理炼油污水,工艺可行、技术先进、经济合理,不仅对ＣＯＤ、氨氮去除率高,对其它排放指标去除率都很高。实践证明Ａ／Ｏ２法用来处理炼油污水是完全可行的,济南炼厂污水处理的成功经验值得推广。     

奶牛场废水处理技术研究

本文对奶牛场废水处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明,奶牛场废水经混凝处理后,ＣＯＤｃｒ 从２０１０ ｍｇ／Ｌ 下降到５６３ｍｇ／Ｌ～６９１ ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３ － Ｎ 可从７１ ｍｇ／Ｌ 下降到２５ ｍｇ／Ｌ～３３ ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＭ 从１８０ 度下降到４０ 度～７０ 度。如采用混凝表面曝气处理工艺,可使奶牛场废水达到国家排放标准,且处理工艺简单、投资少、运行费低、易操作管理     

云南木本食用油料资源及其开发

食用油料木本化对我国具有重要的战略意义。云南具有丰富多彩的木本食用油料树种,本文记述了云南具有重要开发价值的３２ 科８４ 种食用油料树种,并提出了它的三个开发利用的方向。